Introduction:

Here we have two different datasets from water samples taken on Hawai’i Island. The first dataset, “RV” consist of all groundwater variables that UH hydrology researchers are wanting to investigate. Some of the variables included are pH, chloride, and sulfate, among others. The second dataset, “EV” includes all the physical variables from the water samples that they think are responsible for influencing the groundwater variables. These include such variables as temperature, salinity, and conductivity. Here, we will investigate how the physical water variables influence groundwater variables. Many of the groundwater variables play various key roles in the marine ecosystem. The physical variables, to an extent, are influenced by human activity. Knowing how these two interact is important when creating rules and guidelines regarding coastal usage.

Initial Hypothesis:
HA: Physical water variables do influence ground water variables.
H0: Physical water variables do not influence ground water variables.

Data:

Using this dashboard link we can look at some data visualizations.

RV <- read.csv("data/gwd_all_raw.csv", row.names = 1)


EV <- read.csv("data/gwd_pred.csv", row.names = 1)
RV %>%
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling()
pH Chloride Sulfate Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Alkalinity Barium Chromium Silicon Strontium Vanadium Zinc
Kalaoa Deepwell 7.780 9.80 28.530 31.45 5.270 11.400 12.375 93.0 0.00000 0.002600 23.43750 0.025875 0.0875833 0.003225
Holualoa Deepwell 7.850 224.00 36.445 130.00 7.650 24.045 26.000 54.0 0.01055 0.001700 19.29000 0.132625 0.0387000 0.008550
Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell 7.930 6.50 10.050 16.70 3.300 6.000 10.130 56.0 0.00360 0.002150 20.22000 0.024300 0.0560000 0.002050
Honokohau Deepwell 7.825 7.80 20.020 25.70 4.165 7.755 10.100 76.0 0.00205 0.000900 23.03250 0.012300 0.0379000 0.003375
Puu Lani 8.145 41.00 48.800 53.60 3.860 10.530 17.390 79.0 0.00090 0.003100 18.93000 0.045850 0.1348667 0.002000
Puu Waawaa 8.150 21.00 25.400 34.50 2.920 7.800 11.410 68.5 0.00000 0.002400 19.85500 0.030000 0.1125333 0.038950
NELHA Well #3B 7.930 4336.00 620.800 2391.00 85.000 357.580 87.100 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.39250 1.705375 0.0724667 0.001375
NELHA Well #3A 7.960 4517.00 640.400 2629.20 91.000 366.300 83.700 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.50000 1.600000 0.0628000 0.000000
NELHA Well #3 7.770 14907.00 2139.700 8291.50 285.870 1179.200 226.310 98.5 0.00000 0.000000 9.40625 5.296250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9B 7.760 8441.30 1218.300 4893.20 161.150 717.880 157.820 92.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.45000 3.089000 0.0534000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9A 7.710 11537.00 1640.400 6379.00 223.000 939.400 180.270 100.0 0.00000 0.000000 11.00300 4.202500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9 7.760 13152.00 1871.000 7328.90 253.370 1071.800 215.470 102.0 0.00000 0.000000 9.40250 4.697500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A3 7.785 7459.00 1064.600 4464.10 146.000 632.800 120.200 87.0 0.00630 0.000000 14.92000 2.756500 0.0474000 0.008000
NELHA A2 7.775 6021.00 843.600 3715.90 120.000 498.000 104.000 85.0 0.00500 0.000000 16.36000 2.173000 0.0653333 0.005500
NELHA Well #12B 8.010 5555.00 761.800 3207.70 114.000 430.500 92.500 97.0 0.00280 0.002000 19.68625 1.892875 0.0811000 0.000750
NELHA Well #12A 7.840 12521.00 1779.000 7060.80 247.200 1026.700 198.000 98.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.06000 4.218750 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #12 7.800 15316.00 2188.000 8671.00 305.200 1193.330 230.090 103.0 0.00000 0.000000 8.66875 5.451250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A1 7.990 7909.00 1132.200 5183.00 159.000 609.640 141.230 108.0 0.01500 0.000000 14.89500 2.549500 0.0705000 0.003000
Kohanaiki #1 7.930 5491.00 766.900 3546.00 110.000 352.800 75.400 NA 0.00570 0.000000 17.28000 1.730000 0.0526000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #5 7.920 4157.40 589.100 2471.70 88.100 354.300 76.800 83.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.34000 1.597500 0.0562000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #4 7.870 4426.00 638.000 2440.00 87.000 355.850 81.240 80.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.50500 1.690000 0.0558000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #2 7.835 5355.00 755.450 3210.50 105.500 399.250 103.000 77.0 0.00250 0.000000 8.45500 0.900000 0.0280000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #7 7.815 4717.25 673.050 2715.60 94.800 392.345 87.485 76.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.13375 1.716000 0.0719833 0.001500
Kohanaiki #3 7.950 5299.00 739.700 3422.00 106.000 341.700 73.500 NA 0.00510 0.000000 17.67000 1.700000 0.0590000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #6 7.745 5213.50 739.675 2974.05 103.000 423.770 94.635 84.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.81750 1.806000 0.0633000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A2 7.460 6724.00 929.600 4126.00 133.000 466.290 123.630 84.0 0.00650 0.000000 14.39500 2.501000 0.0407000 0.003500
Kohanaiki A30 7.720 6490.00 900.400 3855.00 131.000 412.000 107.500 88.5 0.00000 0.000000 14.28000 1.958000 0.0411000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A43 8.055 7260.00 1032.500 4329.50 141.500 560.650 143.350 88.0 0.03405 0.000000 14.45500 2.523500 0.0233500 0.009750
Kohanaiki A5 8.050 7149.00 993.300 4572.00 141.000 459.200 101.400 NA 0.00670 0.000000 14.56000 2.020000 0.0397000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A69 7.590 7900.00 1130.000 4358.00 152.000 548.000 119.300 84.0 0.02100 0.000000 13.05000 2.459500 0.0286000 0.004500
Kohanaiki A76 8.260 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A172 8.230 7533.00 1099.000 4139.00 144.000 594.060 134.500 87.5 0.01050 0.000000 10.76000 3.011500 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A121 7.980 8395.00 1189.900 5447.00 165.000 538.300 116.800 76.0 0.00790 0.000000 12.28000 2.280000 0.0250000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A139 8.210 9398.00 1340.000 5626.00 182.500 752.550 186.500 94.0 0.05090 0.000000 12.02500 3.205000 0.0169500 0.012000
QLT A30 7.700 7138.00 975.800 4603.00 142.000 491.300 99.400 NA 0.00600 0.000000 13.43000 2.340000 0.0262000 0.000000
QLT A5 7.765 10010.45 1404.100 5739.80 200.150 792.550 156.350 84.0 0.00395 0.000000 10.71950 3.431250 0.0381833 0.011000
QLT A8 7.225 7981.80 1095.350 4562.00 159.350 624.220 131.570 74.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.18350 2.766750 0.0386000 0.002250
QLT A36 7.090 7546.25 1032.900 4362.45 153.800 628.100 129.300 80.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.93000 2.633125 0.0449500 0.002250
QLT A4S 7.055 8029.60 1121.200 4626.35 162.350 654.740 132.360 77.0 0.00315 0.000000 12.19650 2.826750 0.0370000 0.001750
QLT A1 7.000 7437.65 1027.300 4242.85 149.900 584.435 124.200 79.0 0.00310 0.000000 12.91750 2.575000 0.0215000 0.005000
QLT A32 6.885 8892.65 1226.700 5368.25 174.550 667.200 147.100 78.0 0.00340 0.000000 12.07850 2.805500 0.0000000 0.000000
QLT Maka Eo 7.640 7636.80 1044.700 4385.95 151.150 597.820 122.460 76.0 0.00295 0.000000 12.95300 2.528500 0.0464500 0.006750
Parker Ranch Deepwell 7.850 8.00 3.100 12.00 2.700 7.500 10.900 64.0 0.00000 0.000000 22.57000 0.099500 0.0070000 0.020650
Parker #2 Deepwell 7.890 112.00 27.700 76.40 6.310 22.950 16.700 84.0 0.00610 0.004100 24.93500 0.086900 0.0541667 0.003750
Lalamilo B Deepwell 7.830 76.90 22.800 54.50 5.450 19.230 14.860 82.0 0.00430 0.003700 25.17000 0.069550 0.0505667 0.002350
Lalamilo A Deepwell 7.900 73.00 21.300 54.00 5.230 18.400 14.460 82.0 0.00450 0.003450 26.89000 0.070000 0.0460667 0.011650
Parker #4 Deepwell 7.910 124.40 31.600 83.20 6.700 23.000 16.000 84.0 0.00600 0.004050 25.34500 0.085150 0.0537333 0.002250
Lalamilo C Deepwell 7.855 95.60 24.700 64.90 6.220 19.815 15.080 80.0 0.00585 0.003600 26.07000 0.077550 0.0496167 0.002250
Kahaluu B Deepwell 7.950 251.80 42.940 148.15 5.960 23.895 26.245 42.5 0.01015 0.001850 20.22500 0.159725 0.0444167 0.004125
Kahaluu D Deepwell 7.520 242.00 41.800 144.00 6.000 23.800 25.100 42.0 0.01030 0.001700 20.21000 0.153000 0.0468667 0.000000
Kahaluu C Deepwell 7.850 56.40 16.600 38.00 3.050 8.300 13.300 42.0 0.00000 0.002000 20.34000 0.044150 0.0485333 0.006500
Kahaluu A Deepwell 7.920 138.00 27.400 82.00 4.500 14.550 21.450 42.5 0.00000 0.001000 22.27500 0.098750 0.0443000 0.017550
Palani Ranch Deepwell 7.975 8.50 22.150 26.50 4.000 8.600 11.450 76.0 0.00305 0.001075 23.61000 0.025375 0.0735833 0.006025
Ocean End Member 28m 7.980 19484.00 2749.600 11117.90 386.800 1597.970 314.960 117.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 6.830000 0.0000000 0.018750
Ocean End Member 674m 7.520 19747.00 2769.600 11035.00 387.000 1582.190 319.140 120.0 0.00000 0.000000 2.18400 6.942000 0.0000000 0.007500
Ocean End Member 900m 7.420 20055.00 2865.300 11385.00 391.100 1552.900 300.700 123.0 0.00000 0.000000 3.22000 7.356000 0.0000000 0.000000
Keei B Deepwell 7.425 245.00 39.300 147.00 6.000 23.800 16.500 37.5 0.00000 0.000000 24.51000 0.125000 0.0430000 0.160600
Keei D Deepwell 7.790 4.00 10.500 13.00 1.790 3.800 8.190 38.0 0.00000 0.001400 19.47500 0.016600 0.0520000 0.003650
Halekii Deepwell 7.820 4.60 15.000 17.00 2.100 3.700 8.610 42.0 0.00000 0.001500 21.08000 0.017850 0.0544667 0.007800
Kahaluu Shaft 7.820 389.00 61.400 206.80 8.000 36.200 40.100 42.0 0.00990 0.001900 20.18000 0.218000 0.0387500 0.001150
Keei A Deepwell 7.680 401.00 66.000 233.00 9.000 41.700 24.100 37.0 0.00000 0.001200 21.41000 0.204850 0.0450000 0.093400
Kukio R-O Feed 7.160 188.65 111.100 111.05 11.155 114.690 44.675 382.0 0.00775 0.000950 32.10750 0.099475 0.0869500 0.012775
Huehue Ranch 5 7.110 84.50 314.400 165.40 9.400 138.400 48.300 486.0 0.00000 0.000000 27.63500 0.061900 0.0747000 0.077750
Huehue Ranch 2 6.940 200.00 69.000 114.00 11.000 100.000 45.980 358.0 0.01050 0.001000 33.11000 0.111000 0.0950000 0.008200
Huehue Ranch 3 7.080 171.00 242.000 98.00 9.000 152.800 43.800 365.0 0.00180 0.000000 28.34000 0.070000 0.0750000 0.004750
Fifty-One FT STP 7.875 1092.00 190.600 640.50 27.500 90.250 38.300 68.5 0.00530 0.001500 24.54500 0.372450 0.1097000 0.005450
Waikoloa Irr 3 8.030 568.40 116.860 340.60 15.900 59.140 21.600 66.0 0.00530 0.002900 23.87000 0.224900 0.1073333 0.001600
DW-7 7.990 26.40 16.400 33.00 4.000 14.550 10.400 84.0 0.00360 0.003850 25.88000 0.044100 0.0519333 0.002400
Waikoloa DW-6 7.970 128.20 41.000 97.40 8.050 27.200 15.380 111.0 0.00770 0.003700 26.30000 0.089550 0.0597667 0.002100
Waikoloa 2 7.930 116.00 38.000 87.00 7.000 27.100 16.560 103.0 0.00750 0.004050 27.66000 0.088700 0.0627000 0.001850
Waikoloa 3 7.870 68.00 30.600 63.50 6.020 19.060 12.700 103.0 0.00350 0.003350 26.54500 0.064950 0.0635333 0.002700
Parker 4 7.970 30.00 17.470 34.80 4.200 14.500 10.890 84.0 0.00230 0.004000 25.67000 0.046200 0.0527667 0.001600
Parker 5 8.190 28.00 16.600 34.00 4.000 12.900 9.900 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 31.99000 0.048000 0.0550000 0.000000
NELHA Well #1 7.760 6236.00 909.600 3567.50 124.000 546.700 122.000 86.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.05000 2.495750 0.0490000 0.007250
Keopu 2 8.375 6.00 8.650 13.85 2.875 6.070 11.935 50.0 0.00215 0.001400 18.26250 0.026775 0.0461167 0.050625
Keopu 1 10.770 609.00 85.000 332.00 18.000 1.200 124.400 39.0 0.01130 0.000000 1.26000 0.327950 0.0000000 0.002500
Kahaluu DW1 (96m) 8.490 4910.00 640.000 2599.00 89.000 312.500 133.500 46.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kahaluu DW1 (115m) 8.270 12635.00 1760.000 6901.00 221.000 1063.100 310.500 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Parker #3 Deepwell 7.815 49.35 19.320 42.30 4.920 16.305 13.030 83.0 0.00480 0.004150 25.57750 0.054750 0.0534500 0.001575
Waikoloa 1 8.015 27.85 16.400 32.05 4.005 14.400 11.115 84.5 0.00530 0.004250 25.98750 0.043775 0.0542500 0.008475
Resort Irr 2 7.940 679.00 132.000 398.00 18.000 64.600 28.600 64.0 0.01530 0.004800 34.20000 0.406350 0.1657000 0.009750
Resort 1 8.040 730.95 136.650 441.50 19.460 73.160 23.850 66.0 0.00385 0.003450 22.46500 0.288700 0.1124000 0.004275
Nursery 7.905 1001.15 175.350 601.35 25.350 97.060 28.600 68.0 0.00575 0.003200 22.41000 0.374650 0.1036167 0.003400
Keopu Deepwell 7.920 6.10 9.970 16.10 3.530 6.200 10.300 57.0 0.00120 0.002375 19.71250 0.023550 0.0561167 0.007750
Kohanaiki A46 7.110 4882.50 696.400 2733.15 98.460 442.910 123.825 71.5 0.03450 0.000000 12.79500 1.960500 0.0296667 0.015625
Kohanaiki A77 7.850 7646.00 1079.000 4212.00 146.000 684.800 195.200 91.0 0.00000 0.000000 14.68000 3.089250 0.0000000 0.023250
Kohanaiki A120 8.200 8399.00 1217.000 4612.00 156.000 731.800 206.400 90.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kau (Makalei) Deepwell 7.305 238.80 64.650 129.70 13.415 76.030 42.395 245.0 0.01355 0.001575 30.62750 0.099550 0.1015167 0.077550
Kekaha Kai - Small Pool 7.500 6033.10 880.200 3523.20 127.800 516.850 117.780 128.0 0.00000 0.000000 19.56000 2.364000 0.0726667 0.007000
Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu 7.730 7717.10 1109.600 4329.00 159.000 665.200 155.480 132.0 0.02100 0.000000 18.13500 3.043000 0.0735000 0.003000
Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay 8.040 3813.10 756.900 2330.80 89.400 490.020 70.240 398.0 0.00750 0.003000 22.30000 0.884500 0.0713333 0.008000
Huehue Ranch 4 6.630 161.40 103.900 112.90 12.430 121.050 41.840 454.0 0.00430 0.000400 35.58500 0.101050 0.0747667 0.050200
QLT A4N 7.440 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
West Hawaii Landfill 8.020 991.10 176.300 595.70 27.200 98.510 30.100 74.0 0.00610 0.003900 20.80000 0.363800 0.1331333 0.015100
Kohanaiki A48 7.740 3651.80 514.500 2063.60 77.270 293.920 69.960 62.0 0.00000 0.000000 12.74500 1.215500 0.0610000 0.005500
Kahaluu DW 8.800 871.50 121.600 487.50 16.900 71.280 47.630 NA 0.01210 0.000500 8.12000 0.543250 0.0050000 0.004250
Mouth ocean 7.915 9110.90 1324.750 5222.25 180.705 755.325 146.615 95.5 0.00000 0.002000 11.88125 3.273375 0.0565833 0.019375
Inside mouth channel 7.670 2049.05 314.000 1240.40 46.670 188.575 47.935 80.5 0.00540 0.003050 19.89200 0.820300 0.1422333 0.003150
Kitchen corner inlet 7.430 1537.65 246.950 911.20 35.510 142.025 39.280 80.0 0.00560 0.003100 20.93550 0.606600 0.1431333 0.007450
Big Bridge 7.515 1705.00 266.050 1018.65 39.185 156.980 42.425 77.0 0.00700 0.003900 20.68150 0.667400 0.1474667 0.004950
Back spring 7.680 1287.55 204.250 778.50 31.570 120.875 35.060 72.5 0.00575 0.003300 20.23750 0.495425 0.1470333 0.002000
Makani Golf Course 8.010 65.60 60.860 65.85 4.245 14.495 20.630 77.0 0.00120 0.003300 19.06750 0.056900 0.1359667 0.022125
NELHA RODI NA 0.09 0.000 0.05 0.010 0.100 0.200 NA 0.00200 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.001900
EV %>%
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling()
Temp Conduct Salinity DO_sat DO_diss
Kalaoa Deepwell 23.300 304.00 0.1210 84.70 7.300
Holualoa Deepwell 20.550 927.50 0.4300 100.65 8.940
Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell 20.900 159.80 0.0750 99.50 8.610
Honokohau Deepwell 21.900 233.90 0.1200 93.55 8.200
Puu Lani 23.550 420.90 0.1950 94.20 7.970
Puu Waawaa 23.650 280.45 0.1250 90.85 7.705
NELHA Well #3B 23.700 46441.00 8.4300 NA 7.390
NELHA Well #3A 23.540 13983.00 8.2200 NA 7.200
NELHA Well #3 20.900 41362.00 26.1400 NA 3.660
NELHA Well #9B 19.210 23788.00 15.0600 116.10 6.860
NELHA Well #9A 17.560 32393.00 20.3600 127.40 6.650
NELHA Well #9 16.470 36316.00 22.9500 129.30 7.080
NELHA A3 21.600 23994.00 14.6900 111.10 8.985
NELHA A2 23.040 19629.50 11.7750 113.20 9.005
NELHA Well #12B 23.090 16724.00 9.9900 92.20 6.950
NELHA Well #12A 22.130 34761.00 22.1400 36.60 2.980
NELHA Well #12 21.795 41867.00 27.5100 24.35 1.810
NELHA A1 24.050 24473.00 14.9900 106.30 8.195
Kohanaiki #1 19.900 16252.00 9.6800 79.50 6.700
Kohanaiki #5 19.800 14591.00 8.6100 91.60 7.550
Kohanaiki #4 20.700 14385.00 8.2500 104.40 8.960
Kohanaiki #2 21.050 15408.00 9.1350 99.70 8.430
Kohanaiki #7 21.000 15522.00 8.4500 100.55 9.085
Kohanaiki #3 20.700 14961.00 8.8500 98.20 8.430
Kohanaiki #6 19.500 14772.50 8.3150 114.25 9.505
Kohanaiki A2 24.100 21682.00 11.5400 126.00 9.640
Kohanaiki A30 25.200 20880.00 12.7200 101.40 7.670
Kohanaiki A43 23.850 21527.00 13.1500 101.35 7.915
Kohanaiki A5 24.600 20664.00 12.5800 116.00 8.990
Kohanaiki A69 25.100 23339.00 14.2300 92.50 7.260
Kohanaiki A76 27.100 23313.00 14.3400 155.30 11.130
Kohanaiki A172 28.200 22907.00 13.6200 119.20 8.650
Kohanaiki A121 26.750 22360.00 11.2550 123.10 8.850
Kohanaiki A139 27.350 27118.00 16.9050 162.70 11.550
QLT A30 25.400 19166.00 11.5900 86.60 6.610
QLT A5 26.900 30472.50 19.0200 68.85 4.320
QLT A8 25.100 24359.00 14.9200 81.50 6.080
QLT A36 27.150 24843.50 15.3700 42.00 3.075
QLT A4S 25.600 26155.00 16.0500 57.25 4.270
QLT A1 25.650 22926.00 13.9550 64.10 5.025
QLT A32 24.400 23102.00 14.2000 24.15 1.865
QLT Maka Eo 21.450 22039.50 13.3950 109.95 8.965
Parker Ranch Deepwell 23.000 153.40 0.0600 91.00 7.840
Parker #2 Deepwell 26.700 703.00 0.3400 90.40 7.190
Lalamilo B Deepwell 26.200 496.00 0.2300 79.30 6.230
Lalamilo A Deepwell 26.100 460.00 0.2000 82.30 6.430
Parker #4 Deepwell 27.100 738.00 0.3500 84.80 6.740
Lalamilo C Deepwell 26.150 567.85 0.2600 97.00 7.870
Kahaluu B Deepwell 20.300 980.00 0.4560 113.90 10.210
Kahaluu D Deepwell 20.200 940.00 0.4360 98.50 8.540
Kahaluu C Deepwell 20.300 334.50 0.1470 100.10 8.480
Kahaluu A Deepwell 20.600 613.95 0.2740 92.60 8.075
Palani Ranch Deepwell 22.000 228.10 0.0925 89.95 7.760
Ocean End Member 28m 26.250 60926.50 40.9000 111.65 7.170
Ocean End Member 674m 6.150 61602.50 40.5950 27.45 2.575
Ocean End Member 900m 5.070 60858.00 35.1900 58.70 4.000
Keei B Deepwell 19.150 1138.50 0.5350 94.60 8.610
Keei D Deepwell 18.700 132.70 0.0540 115.20 10.400
Halekii Deepwell 21.400 138.50 0.0540 104.50 9.030
Kahaluu Shaft 20.300 1499.00 0.7200 91.30 8.130
Keei A Deepwell 19.600 1638.00 0.8300 100.40 10.030
Kukio R-O Feed 23.000 1397.50 0.6700 114.50 9.465
Huehue Ranch 5 23.700 1803.00 0.8860 67.30 5.620
Huehue Ranch 2 21.900 1335.00 0.6400 60.60 5.370
Huehue Ranch 3 20.300 1536.00 0.7440 37.00 3.890
Fifty-One FT STP 24.150 3420.50 1.7780 76.55 6.240
Waikoloa Irr 3 24.100 2184.00 1.0910 96.50 7.690
DW-7 26.500 287.70 0.1200 80.50 6.280
Waikoloa DW-6 28.500 726.00 0.3300 77.20 5.790
Waikoloa 2 28.600 660.00 0.3000 78.50 5.820
Waikoloa 3 28.200 512.00 0.2330 72.40 5.580
Parker 4 26.700 350.10 0.1500 87.60 6.820
Parker 5 26.500 303.80 0.1280 75.30 5.870
NELHA Well #1 20.800 18815.00 11.3300 91.65 6.150
Keopu 2 21.800 440.00 0.2050 85.00 7.520
Keopu 1 21.300 1980.00 0.9800 17.60 1.530
Kahaluu DW1 (96m) 21.700 3110.00 1.6000 16.70 1.450
Kahaluu DW1 (115m) 22.300 38350.00 24.6400 21.60 1.550
Parker #3 Deepwell 26.650 433.20 0.2000 96.80 7.660
Waikoloa 1 26.500 312.25 0.1400 96.20 7.610
Resort Irr 2 24.700 2522.00 1.2800 90.50 7.380
Resort 1 23.900 2920.50 1.5050 96.65 8.005
Nursery 23.500 3794.50 1.9950 99.05 8.280
Keopu Deepwell 21.300 155.45 0.0600 98.00 8.585
Kohanaiki A46 22.850 16091.00 9.5850 66.80 5.290
Kohanaiki A77 22.900 22503.00 13.8000 113.10 8.650
Kohanaiki A120 24.200 24153.00 14.9000 158.90 12.160
Kau (Makalei) Deepwell 24.300 1389.00 0.6800 100.10 8.195
Kekaha Kai - Small Pool 29.300 21222.00 12.5200 106.40 7.620
Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu 25.700 25651.00 15.6300 98.30 7.130
Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay 24.700 14615.00 8.4900 121.80 9.820
Huehue Ranch 4 23.700 1422.00 0.6800 58.70 4.960
QLT A4N 30.200 24100.00 14.9500 114.95 8.550
West Hawaii Landfill 22.400 4161.00 2.2100 105.70 9.020
Kohanaiki A48 24.500 18130.00 7.7400 64.00 4.980
Kahaluu DW 23.900 4560.00 2.4300 NA NA
Mouth ocean 24.200 29469.50 18.2750 119.65 9.065
Inside mouth channel 22.400 8341.50 4.6550 102.90 8.655
Kitchen corner inlet 21.600 7512.50 4.1800 93.35 7.915
Big Bridge 21.850 6840.00 3.7700 92.70 7.935
Back spring 20.800 5211.00 2.8150 104.05 9.155
Makani Golf Course 22.850 556.00 0.2700 110.80 9.525
NELHA RODI NA NA NA NA NA

We can see that there are missing values, “NAs”. This is because the instruments have a minimum value that they can accurately read. If it’s below that value, the instrument cannot accurately discern it. For our interests, we’re going to replace all “NA’s” with “0”.

“NA’s” replaced with “0”:

RV[is.na(RV)]<-0
RV %>%
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling()
pH Chloride Sulfate Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Alkalinity Barium Chromium Silicon Strontium Vanadium Zinc
Kalaoa Deepwell 7.780 9.80 28.530 31.45 5.270 11.400 12.375 93.0 0.00000 0.002600 23.43750 0.025875 0.0875833 0.003225
Holualoa Deepwell 7.850 224.00 36.445 130.00 7.650 24.045 26.000 54.0 0.01055 0.001700 19.29000 0.132625 0.0387000 0.008550
Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell 7.930 6.50 10.050 16.70 3.300 6.000 10.130 56.0 0.00360 0.002150 20.22000 0.024300 0.0560000 0.002050
Honokohau Deepwell 7.825 7.80 20.020 25.70 4.165 7.755 10.100 76.0 0.00205 0.000900 23.03250 0.012300 0.0379000 0.003375
Puu Lani 8.145 41.00 48.800 53.60 3.860 10.530 17.390 79.0 0.00090 0.003100 18.93000 0.045850 0.1348667 0.002000
Puu Waawaa 8.150 21.00 25.400 34.50 2.920 7.800 11.410 68.5 0.00000 0.002400 19.85500 0.030000 0.1125333 0.038950
NELHA Well #3B 7.930 4336.00 620.800 2391.00 85.000 357.580 87.100 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.39250 1.705375 0.0724667 0.001375
NELHA Well #3A 7.960 4517.00 640.400 2629.20 91.000 366.300 83.700 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.50000 1.600000 0.0628000 0.000000
NELHA Well #3 7.770 14907.00 2139.700 8291.50 285.870 1179.200 226.310 98.5 0.00000 0.000000 9.40625 5.296250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9B 7.760 8441.30 1218.300 4893.20 161.150 717.880 157.820 92.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.45000 3.089000 0.0534000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9A 7.710 11537.00 1640.400 6379.00 223.000 939.400 180.270 100.0 0.00000 0.000000 11.00300 4.202500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9 7.760 13152.00 1871.000 7328.90 253.370 1071.800 215.470 102.0 0.00000 0.000000 9.40250 4.697500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A3 7.785 7459.00 1064.600 4464.10 146.000 632.800 120.200 87.0 0.00630 0.000000 14.92000 2.756500 0.0474000 0.008000
NELHA A2 7.775 6021.00 843.600 3715.90 120.000 498.000 104.000 85.0 0.00500 0.000000 16.36000 2.173000 0.0653333 0.005500
NELHA Well #12B 8.010 5555.00 761.800 3207.70 114.000 430.500 92.500 97.0 0.00280 0.002000 19.68625 1.892875 0.0811000 0.000750
NELHA Well #12A 7.840 12521.00 1779.000 7060.80 247.200 1026.700 198.000 98.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.06000 4.218750 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #12 7.800 15316.00 2188.000 8671.00 305.200 1193.330 230.090 103.0 0.00000 0.000000 8.66875 5.451250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A1 7.990 7909.00 1132.200 5183.00 159.000 609.640 141.230 108.0 0.01500 0.000000 14.89500 2.549500 0.0705000 0.003000
Kohanaiki #1 7.930 5491.00 766.900 3546.00 110.000 352.800 75.400 0.0 0.00570 0.000000 17.28000 1.730000 0.0526000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #5 7.920 4157.40 589.100 2471.70 88.100 354.300 76.800 83.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.34000 1.597500 0.0562000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #4 7.870 4426.00 638.000 2440.00 87.000 355.850 81.240 80.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.50500 1.690000 0.0558000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #2 7.835 5355.00 755.450 3210.50 105.500 399.250 103.000 77.0 0.00250 0.000000 8.45500 0.900000 0.0280000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #7 7.815 4717.25 673.050 2715.60 94.800 392.345 87.485 76.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.13375 1.716000 0.0719833 0.001500
Kohanaiki #3 7.950 5299.00 739.700 3422.00 106.000 341.700 73.500 0.0 0.00510 0.000000 17.67000 1.700000 0.0590000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #6 7.745 5213.50 739.675 2974.05 103.000 423.770 94.635 84.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.81750 1.806000 0.0633000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A2 7.460 6724.00 929.600 4126.00 133.000 466.290 123.630 84.0 0.00650 0.000000 14.39500 2.501000 0.0407000 0.003500
Kohanaiki A30 7.720 6490.00 900.400 3855.00 131.000 412.000 107.500 88.5 0.00000 0.000000 14.28000 1.958000 0.0411000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A43 8.055 7260.00 1032.500 4329.50 141.500 560.650 143.350 88.0 0.03405 0.000000 14.45500 2.523500 0.0233500 0.009750
Kohanaiki A5 8.050 7149.00 993.300 4572.00 141.000 459.200 101.400 0.0 0.00670 0.000000 14.56000 2.020000 0.0397000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A69 7.590 7900.00 1130.000 4358.00 152.000 548.000 119.300 84.0 0.02100 0.000000 13.05000 2.459500 0.0286000 0.004500
Kohanaiki A76 8.260 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A172 8.230 7533.00 1099.000 4139.00 144.000 594.060 134.500 87.5 0.01050 0.000000 10.76000 3.011500 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A121 7.980 8395.00 1189.900 5447.00 165.000 538.300 116.800 76.0 0.00790 0.000000 12.28000 2.280000 0.0250000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A139 8.210 9398.00 1340.000 5626.00 182.500 752.550 186.500 94.0 0.05090 0.000000 12.02500 3.205000 0.0169500 0.012000
QLT A30 7.700 7138.00 975.800 4603.00 142.000 491.300 99.400 0.0 0.00600 0.000000 13.43000 2.340000 0.0262000 0.000000
QLT A5 7.765 10010.45 1404.100 5739.80 200.150 792.550 156.350 84.0 0.00395 0.000000 10.71950 3.431250 0.0381833 0.011000
QLT A8 7.225 7981.80 1095.350 4562.00 159.350 624.220 131.570 74.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.18350 2.766750 0.0386000 0.002250
QLT A36 7.090 7546.25 1032.900 4362.45 153.800 628.100 129.300 80.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.93000 2.633125 0.0449500 0.002250
QLT A4S 7.055 8029.60 1121.200 4626.35 162.350 654.740 132.360 77.0 0.00315 0.000000 12.19650 2.826750 0.0370000 0.001750
QLT A1 7.000 7437.65 1027.300 4242.85 149.900 584.435 124.200 79.0 0.00310 0.000000 12.91750 2.575000 0.0215000 0.005000
QLT A32 6.885 8892.65 1226.700 5368.25 174.550 667.200 147.100 78.0 0.00340 0.000000 12.07850 2.805500 0.0000000 0.000000
QLT Maka Eo 7.640 7636.80 1044.700 4385.95 151.150 597.820 122.460 76.0 0.00295 0.000000 12.95300 2.528500 0.0464500 0.006750
Parker Ranch Deepwell 7.850 8.00 3.100 12.00 2.700 7.500 10.900 64.0 0.00000 0.000000 22.57000 0.099500 0.0070000 0.020650
Parker #2 Deepwell 7.890 112.00 27.700 76.40 6.310 22.950 16.700 84.0 0.00610 0.004100 24.93500 0.086900 0.0541667 0.003750
Lalamilo B Deepwell 7.830 76.90 22.800 54.50 5.450 19.230 14.860 82.0 0.00430 0.003700 25.17000 0.069550 0.0505667 0.002350
Lalamilo A Deepwell 7.900 73.00 21.300 54.00 5.230 18.400 14.460 82.0 0.00450 0.003450 26.89000 0.070000 0.0460667 0.011650
Parker #4 Deepwell 7.910 124.40 31.600 83.20 6.700 23.000 16.000 84.0 0.00600 0.004050 25.34500 0.085150 0.0537333 0.002250
Lalamilo C Deepwell 7.855 95.60 24.700 64.90 6.220 19.815 15.080 80.0 0.00585 0.003600 26.07000 0.077550 0.0496167 0.002250
Kahaluu B Deepwell 7.950 251.80 42.940 148.15 5.960 23.895 26.245 42.5 0.01015 0.001850 20.22500 0.159725 0.0444167 0.004125
Kahaluu D Deepwell 7.520 242.00 41.800 144.00 6.000 23.800 25.100 42.0 0.01030 0.001700 20.21000 0.153000 0.0468667 0.000000
Kahaluu C Deepwell 7.850 56.40 16.600 38.00 3.050 8.300 13.300 42.0 0.00000 0.002000 20.34000 0.044150 0.0485333 0.006500
Kahaluu A Deepwell 7.920 138.00 27.400 82.00 4.500 14.550 21.450 42.5 0.00000 0.001000 22.27500 0.098750 0.0443000 0.017550
Palani Ranch Deepwell 7.975 8.50 22.150 26.50 4.000 8.600 11.450 76.0 0.00305 0.001075 23.61000 0.025375 0.0735833 0.006025
Ocean End Member 28m 7.980 19484.00 2749.600 11117.90 386.800 1597.970 314.960 117.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 6.830000 0.0000000 0.018750
Ocean End Member 674m 7.520 19747.00 2769.600 11035.00 387.000 1582.190 319.140 120.0 0.00000 0.000000 2.18400 6.942000 0.0000000 0.007500
Ocean End Member 900m 7.420 20055.00 2865.300 11385.00 391.100 1552.900 300.700 123.0 0.00000 0.000000 3.22000 7.356000 0.0000000 0.000000
Keei B Deepwell 7.425 245.00 39.300 147.00 6.000 23.800 16.500 37.5 0.00000 0.000000 24.51000 0.125000 0.0430000 0.160600
Keei D Deepwell 7.790 4.00 10.500 13.00 1.790 3.800 8.190 38.0 0.00000 0.001400 19.47500 0.016600 0.0520000 0.003650
Halekii Deepwell 7.820 4.60 15.000 17.00 2.100 3.700 8.610 42.0 0.00000 0.001500 21.08000 0.017850 0.0544667 0.007800
Kahaluu Shaft 7.820 389.00 61.400 206.80 8.000 36.200 40.100 42.0 0.00990 0.001900 20.18000 0.218000 0.0387500 0.001150
Keei A Deepwell 7.680 401.00 66.000 233.00 9.000 41.700 24.100 37.0 0.00000 0.001200 21.41000 0.204850 0.0450000 0.093400
Kukio R-O Feed 7.160 188.65 111.100 111.05 11.155 114.690 44.675 382.0 0.00775 0.000950 32.10750 0.099475 0.0869500 0.012775
Huehue Ranch 5 7.110 84.50 314.400 165.40 9.400 138.400 48.300 486.0 0.00000 0.000000 27.63500 0.061900 0.0747000 0.077750
Huehue Ranch 2 6.940 200.00 69.000 114.00 11.000 100.000 45.980 358.0 0.01050 0.001000 33.11000 0.111000 0.0950000 0.008200
Huehue Ranch 3 7.080 171.00 242.000 98.00 9.000 152.800 43.800 365.0 0.00180 0.000000 28.34000 0.070000 0.0750000 0.004750
Fifty-One FT STP 7.875 1092.00 190.600 640.50 27.500 90.250 38.300 68.5 0.00530 0.001500 24.54500 0.372450 0.1097000 0.005450
Waikoloa Irr 3 8.030 568.40 116.860 340.60 15.900 59.140 21.600 66.0 0.00530 0.002900 23.87000 0.224900 0.1073333 0.001600
DW-7 7.990 26.40 16.400 33.00 4.000 14.550 10.400 84.0 0.00360 0.003850 25.88000 0.044100 0.0519333 0.002400
Waikoloa DW-6 7.970 128.20 41.000 97.40 8.050 27.200 15.380 111.0 0.00770 0.003700 26.30000 0.089550 0.0597667 0.002100
Waikoloa 2 7.930 116.00 38.000 87.00 7.000 27.100 16.560 103.0 0.00750 0.004050 27.66000 0.088700 0.0627000 0.001850
Waikoloa 3 7.870 68.00 30.600 63.50 6.020 19.060 12.700 103.0 0.00350 0.003350 26.54500 0.064950 0.0635333 0.002700
Parker 4 7.970 30.00 17.470 34.80 4.200 14.500 10.890 84.0 0.00230 0.004000 25.67000 0.046200 0.0527667 0.001600
Parker 5 8.190 28.00 16.600 34.00 4.000 12.900 9.900 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 31.99000 0.048000 0.0550000 0.000000
NELHA Well #1 7.760 6236.00 909.600 3567.50 124.000 546.700 122.000 86.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.05000 2.495750 0.0490000 0.007250
Keopu 2 8.375 6.00 8.650 13.85 2.875 6.070 11.935 50.0 0.00215 0.001400 18.26250 0.026775 0.0461167 0.050625
Keopu 1 10.770 609.00 85.000 332.00 18.000 1.200 124.400 39.0 0.01130 0.000000 1.26000 0.327950 0.0000000 0.002500
Kahaluu DW1 (96m) 8.490 4910.00 640.000 2599.00 89.000 312.500 133.500 46.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kahaluu DW1 (115m) 8.270 12635.00 1760.000 6901.00 221.000 1063.100 310.500 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Parker #3 Deepwell 7.815 49.35 19.320 42.30 4.920 16.305 13.030 83.0 0.00480 0.004150 25.57750 0.054750 0.0534500 0.001575
Waikoloa 1 8.015 27.85 16.400 32.05 4.005 14.400 11.115 84.5 0.00530 0.004250 25.98750 0.043775 0.0542500 0.008475
Resort Irr 2 7.940 679.00 132.000 398.00 18.000 64.600 28.600 64.0 0.01530 0.004800 34.20000 0.406350 0.1657000 0.009750
Resort 1 8.040 730.95 136.650 441.50 19.460 73.160 23.850 66.0 0.00385 0.003450 22.46500 0.288700 0.1124000 0.004275
Nursery 7.905 1001.15 175.350 601.35 25.350 97.060 28.600 68.0 0.00575 0.003200 22.41000 0.374650 0.1036167 0.003400
Keopu Deepwell 7.920 6.10 9.970 16.10 3.530 6.200 10.300 57.0 0.00120 0.002375 19.71250 0.023550 0.0561167 0.007750
Kohanaiki A46 7.110 4882.50 696.400 2733.15 98.460 442.910 123.825 71.5 0.03450 0.000000 12.79500 1.960500 0.0296667 0.015625
Kohanaiki A77 7.850 7646.00 1079.000 4212.00 146.000 684.800 195.200 91.0 0.00000 0.000000 14.68000 3.089250 0.0000000 0.023250
Kohanaiki A120 8.200 8399.00 1217.000 4612.00 156.000 731.800 206.400 90.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kau (Makalei) Deepwell 7.305 238.80 64.650 129.70 13.415 76.030 42.395 245.0 0.01355 0.001575 30.62750 0.099550 0.1015167 0.077550
Kekaha Kai - Small Pool 7.500 6033.10 880.200 3523.20 127.800 516.850 117.780 128.0 0.00000 0.000000 19.56000 2.364000 0.0726667 0.007000
Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu 7.730 7717.10 1109.600 4329.00 159.000 665.200 155.480 132.0 0.02100 0.000000 18.13500 3.043000 0.0735000 0.003000
Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay 8.040 3813.10 756.900 2330.80 89.400 490.020 70.240 398.0 0.00750 0.003000 22.30000 0.884500 0.0713333 0.008000
Huehue Ranch 4 6.630 161.40 103.900 112.90 12.430 121.050 41.840 454.0 0.00430 0.000400 35.58500 0.101050 0.0747667 0.050200
QLT A4N 7.440 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
West Hawaii Landfill 8.020 991.10 176.300 595.70 27.200 98.510 30.100 74.0 0.00610 0.003900 20.80000 0.363800 0.1331333 0.015100
Kohanaiki A48 7.740 3651.80 514.500 2063.60 77.270 293.920 69.960 62.0 0.00000 0.000000 12.74500 1.215500 0.0610000 0.005500
Kahaluu DW 8.800 871.50 121.600 487.50 16.900 71.280 47.630 0.0 0.01210 0.000500 8.12000 0.543250 0.0050000 0.004250
Mouth ocean 7.915 9110.90 1324.750 5222.25 180.705 755.325 146.615 95.5 0.00000 0.002000 11.88125 3.273375 0.0565833 0.019375
Inside mouth channel 7.670 2049.05 314.000 1240.40 46.670 188.575 47.935 80.5 0.00540 0.003050 19.89200 0.820300 0.1422333 0.003150
Kitchen corner inlet 7.430 1537.65 246.950 911.20 35.510 142.025 39.280 80.0 0.00560 0.003100 20.93550 0.606600 0.1431333 0.007450
Big Bridge 7.515 1705.00 266.050 1018.65 39.185 156.980 42.425 77.0 0.00700 0.003900 20.68150 0.667400 0.1474667 0.004950
Back spring 7.680 1287.55 204.250 778.50 31.570 120.875 35.060 72.5 0.00575 0.003300 20.23750 0.495425 0.1470333 0.002000
Makani Golf Course 8.010 65.60 60.860 65.85 4.245 14.495 20.630 77.0 0.00120 0.003300 19.06750 0.056900 0.1359667 0.022125
NELHA RODI 0.000 0.09 0.000 0.05 0.010 0.100 0.200 0.0 0.00200 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.001900
EV[is.na(EV)]<-0
EV %>%
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling()
Temp Conduct Salinity DO_sat DO_diss
Kalaoa Deepwell 23.300 304.00 0.1210 84.70 7.300
Holualoa Deepwell 20.550 927.50 0.4300 100.65 8.940
Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell 20.900 159.80 0.0750 99.50 8.610
Honokohau Deepwell 21.900 233.90 0.1200 93.55 8.200
Puu Lani 23.550 420.90 0.1950 94.20 7.970
Puu Waawaa 23.650 280.45 0.1250 90.85 7.705
NELHA Well #3B 23.700 46441.00 8.4300 0.00 7.390
NELHA Well #3A 23.540 13983.00 8.2200 0.00 7.200
NELHA Well #3 20.900 41362.00 26.1400 0.00 3.660
NELHA Well #9B 19.210 23788.00 15.0600 116.10 6.860
NELHA Well #9A 17.560 32393.00 20.3600 127.40 6.650
NELHA Well #9 16.470 36316.00 22.9500 129.30 7.080
NELHA A3 21.600 23994.00 14.6900 111.10 8.985
NELHA A2 23.040 19629.50 11.7750 113.20 9.005
NELHA Well #12B 23.090 16724.00 9.9900 92.20 6.950
NELHA Well #12A 22.130 34761.00 22.1400 36.60 2.980
NELHA Well #12 21.795 41867.00 27.5100 24.35 1.810
NELHA A1 24.050 24473.00 14.9900 106.30 8.195
Kohanaiki #1 19.900 16252.00 9.6800 79.50 6.700
Kohanaiki #5 19.800 14591.00 8.6100 91.60 7.550
Kohanaiki #4 20.700 14385.00 8.2500 104.40 8.960
Kohanaiki #2 21.050 15408.00 9.1350 99.70 8.430
Kohanaiki #7 21.000 15522.00 8.4500 100.55 9.085
Kohanaiki #3 20.700 14961.00 8.8500 98.20 8.430
Kohanaiki #6 19.500 14772.50 8.3150 114.25 9.505
Kohanaiki A2 24.100 21682.00 11.5400 126.00 9.640
Kohanaiki A30 25.200 20880.00 12.7200 101.40 7.670
Kohanaiki A43 23.850 21527.00 13.1500 101.35 7.915
Kohanaiki A5 24.600 20664.00 12.5800 116.00 8.990
Kohanaiki A69 25.100 23339.00 14.2300 92.50 7.260
Kohanaiki A76 27.100 23313.00 14.3400 155.30 11.130
Kohanaiki A172 28.200 22907.00 13.6200 119.20 8.650
Kohanaiki A121 26.750 22360.00 11.2550 123.10 8.850
Kohanaiki A139 27.350 27118.00 16.9050 162.70 11.550
QLT A30 25.400 19166.00 11.5900 86.60 6.610
QLT A5 26.900 30472.50 19.0200 68.85 4.320
QLT A8 25.100 24359.00 14.9200 81.50 6.080
QLT A36 27.150 24843.50 15.3700 42.00 3.075
QLT A4S 25.600 26155.00 16.0500 57.25 4.270
QLT A1 25.650 22926.00 13.9550 64.10 5.025
QLT A32 24.400 23102.00 14.2000 24.15 1.865
QLT Maka Eo 21.450 22039.50 13.3950 109.95 8.965
Parker Ranch Deepwell 23.000 153.40 0.0600 91.00 7.840
Parker #2 Deepwell 26.700 703.00 0.3400 90.40 7.190
Lalamilo B Deepwell 26.200 496.00 0.2300 79.30 6.230
Lalamilo A Deepwell 26.100 460.00 0.2000 82.30 6.430
Parker #4 Deepwell 27.100 738.00 0.3500 84.80 6.740
Lalamilo C Deepwell 26.150 567.85 0.2600 97.00 7.870
Kahaluu B Deepwell 20.300 980.00 0.4560 113.90 10.210
Kahaluu D Deepwell 20.200 940.00 0.4360 98.50 8.540
Kahaluu C Deepwell 20.300 334.50 0.1470 100.10 8.480
Kahaluu A Deepwell 20.600 613.95 0.2740 92.60 8.075
Palani Ranch Deepwell 22.000 228.10 0.0925 89.95 7.760
Ocean End Member 28m 26.250 60926.50 40.9000 111.65 7.170
Ocean End Member 674m 6.150 61602.50 40.5950 27.45 2.575
Ocean End Member 900m 5.070 60858.00 35.1900 58.70 4.000
Keei B Deepwell 19.150 1138.50 0.5350 94.60 8.610
Keei D Deepwell 18.700 132.70 0.0540 115.20 10.400
Halekii Deepwell 21.400 138.50 0.0540 104.50 9.030
Kahaluu Shaft 20.300 1499.00 0.7200 91.30 8.130
Keei A Deepwell 19.600 1638.00 0.8300 100.40 10.030
Kukio R-O Feed 23.000 1397.50 0.6700 114.50 9.465
Huehue Ranch 5 23.700 1803.00 0.8860 67.30 5.620
Huehue Ranch 2 21.900 1335.00 0.6400 60.60 5.370
Huehue Ranch 3 20.300 1536.00 0.7440 37.00 3.890
Fifty-One FT STP 24.150 3420.50 1.7780 76.55 6.240
Waikoloa Irr 3 24.100 2184.00 1.0910 96.50 7.690
DW-7 26.500 287.70 0.1200 80.50 6.280
Waikoloa DW-6 28.500 726.00 0.3300 77.20 5.790
Waikoloa 2 28.600 660.00 0.3000 78.50 5.820
Waikoloa 3 28.200 512.00 0.2330 72.40 5.580
Parker 4 26.700 350.10 0.1500 87.60 6.820
Parker 5 26.500 303.80 0.1280 75.30 5.870
NELHA Well #1 20.800 18815.00 11.3300 91.65 6.150
Keopu 2 21.800 440.00 0.2050 85.00 7.520
Keopu 1 21.300 1980.00 0.9800 17.60 1.530
Kahaluu DW1 (96m) 21.700 3110.00 1.6000 16.70 1.450
Kahaluu DW1 (115m) 22.300 38350.00 24.6400 21.60 1.550
Parker #3 Deepwell 26.650 433.20 0.2000 96.80 7.660
Waikoloa 1 26.500 312.25 0.1400 96.20 7.610
Resort Irr 2 24.700 2522.00 1.2800 90.50 7.380
Resort 1 23.900 2920.50 1.5050 96.65 8.005
Nursery 23.500 3794.50 1.9950 99.05 8.280
Keopu Deepwell 21.300 155.45 0.0600 98.00 8.585
Kohanaiki A46 22.850 16091.00 9.5850 66.80 5.290
Kohanaiki A77 22.900 22503.00 13.8000 113.10 8.650
Kohanaiki A120 24.200 24153.00 14.9000 158.90 12.160
Kau (Makalei) Deepwell 24.300 1389.00 0.6800 100.10 8.195
Kekaha Kai - Small Pool 29.300 21222.00 12.5200 106.40 7.620
Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu 25.700 25651.00 15.6300 98.30 7.130
Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay 24.700 14615.00 8.4900 121.80 9.820
Huehue Ranch 4 23.700 1422.00 0.6800 58.70 4.960
QLT A4N 30.200 24100.00 14.9500 114.95 8.550
West Hawaii Landfill 22.400 4161.00 2.2100 105.70 9.020
Kohanaiki A48 24.500 18130.00 7.7400 64.00 4.980
Kahaluu DW 23.900 4560.00 2.4300 0.00 0.000
Mouth ocean 24.200 29469.50 18.2750 119.65 9.065
Inside mouth channel 22.400 8341.50 4.6550 102.90 8.655
Kitchen corner inlet 21.600 7512.50 4.1800 93.35 7.915
Big Bridge 21.850 6840.00 3.7700 92.70 7.935
Back spring 20.800 5211.00 2.8150 104.05 9.155
Makani Golf Course 22.850 556.00 0.2700 110.80 9.525
NELHA RODI 0.000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.000

Fantastic! Now that we are all done with that,we can move on to PCAs.

PCAs:

Before moving forward with any particular analysis, I’d like to run a PCA to see what variables in my dataset might be the most influencial.

library(ade4)
library(vegan)
library(gclus)
library(ape)
Groundwater Variables (RV):

Eigenvalues:

RV.pca <-rda(RV, scale = TRUE)

RV.pca
## Call: rda(X = RV, scale = TRUE)
## 
##               Inertia Rank
## Total              14     
## Unconstrained      14   14
## Inertia is correlations 
## 
## Eigenvalues for unconstrained axes:
##   PC1   PC2   PC3   PC4   PC5   PC6   PC7   PC8   PC9  PC10  PC11  PC12  PC13 
## 7.991 1.489 1.247 0.980 0.916 0.633 0.356 0.267 0.088 0.025 0.006 0.001 0.001 
##  PC14 
## 0.000
evalues.RV <-RV.pca$CA$eig

source("evplot.R")

evplot(evalues.RV)

Even though the first three PCAs are above the average eigenvalue line, I’m still going to stick with the first two. The third PCA barely passes the line and the first two account for over 80% of variation. I feel confident using only those two.

PCA plot:

source("cleanplot.pca.R")

cleanplot.pca(RV.pca, point = TRUE)

Physical Variables (EV):

Eigenvalues

EV.pca <-rda(EV, scale = TRUE)

EV.pca
## Call: rda(X = EV, scale = TRUE)
## 
##               Inertia Rank
## Total               5     
## Unconstrained       5    5
## Inertia is correlations 
## 
## Eigenvalues for unconstrained axes:
##    PC1    PC2    PC3    PC4    PC5 
## 2.3512 1.6372 0.8630 0.1314 0.0172
evalues.EV <-EV.pca$CA$eig

source("evplot.R")

evplot(evalues.EV)

Again, we’re going to stick with the first two PCs since they represent the majority of the proportioned variation.

PCA plot:

source("cleanplot.pca.R")

cleanplot.pca(EV.pca, point = TRUE)

Now that we’ve seen each dataset individually, let’s see how they might be influencing each other.

RDA:

Libraries:

library(ade4)
library(vegan)
library(MASS)
library(ellipse)
library(FactoMineR)

Functions:

source("evplot.R")

source("hcoplot.R")

Data normalized:

RV.norm <- decostand(RV, "normalize")

EV.norm <- decostand(EV, "normalize")

RDA:

gw.rda <- rda(RV.norm ~ ., EV.norm)

summary(gw.rda)
## 
## Call:
## rda(formula = RV.norm ~ Temp + Conduct + Salinity + DO_sat +      DO_diss, data = EV.norm) 
## 
## Partitioning of variance:
##               Inertia Proportion
## Total         0.25158      1.000
## Constrained   0.16653      0.662
## Unconstrained 0.08505      0.338
## 
## Eigenvalues, and their contribution to the variance 
## 
## Importance of components:
##                         RDA1     RDA2     RDA3      RDA4      RDA5     PC1
## Eigenvalue            0.1538 0.009339 0.002512 0.0005973 0.0002608 0.05398
## Proportion Explained  0.6114 0.037120 0.009985 0.0023744 0.0010367 0.21457
## Cumulative Proportion 0.6114 0.648558 0.658542 0.6609166 0.6619533 0.87652
##                           PC2      PC3      PC4       PC5       PC6       PC7
## Eigenvalue            0.02466 0.003156 0.001520 0.0009205 0.0004316 0.0003054
## Proportion Explained  0.09800 0.012544 0.006042 0.0036588 0.0017156 0.0012140
## Cumulative Proportion 0.97453 0.987070 0.993112 0.9967708 0.9984863 0.9997003
##                             PC8       PC9
## Eigenvalue            6.592e-05 9.476e-06
## Proportion Explained  2.620e-04 3.766e-05
## Cumulative Proportion 1.000e+00 1.000e+00
## 
## Accumulated constrained eigenvalues
## Importance of components:
##                         RDA1     RDA2     RDA3      RDA4      RDA5
## Eigenvalue            0.1538 0.009339 0.002512 0.0005973 0.0002608
## Proportion Explained  0.9237 0.056077 0.015083 0.0035869 0.0015662
## Cumulative Proportion 0.9237 0.979763 0.994847 0.9984338 1.0000000
## 
## Scaling 2 for species and site scores
## * Species are scaled proportional to eigenvalues
## * Sites are unscaled: weighted dispersion equal on all dimensions
## * General scaling constant of scores:  2.250703 
## 
## 
## Species scores
## 
##                  RDA1       RDA2       RDA3       RDA4       RDA5        PC1
## pH         -9.545e-02 -8.388e-03  8.199e-02 -3.826e-02 -2.085e-02 -4.277e-01
## Chloride    9.903e-01 -1.559e-01 -1.196e-01 -2.902e-02  8.476e-04  7.270e-01
## Sulfate    -1.275e-01 -7.940e-02 -2.237e-02  1.244e-02  6.064e-02 -8.259e-02
## Sodium      2.713e-01 -1.162e-01 -2.279e-02 -4.677e-02 -9.744e-03  3.686e-01
## Potassium  -4.377e-02  4.355e-03 -4.738e-03 -4.419e-03 -3.023e-03  4.288e-03
## Magnesium  -7.662e-02  1.149e-01 -1.021e-01  2.800e-03 -1.886e-02 -7.657e-02
## Calcium    -2.012e-01  3.147e-01 -8.135e-02 -3.779e-02  1.348e-02 -3.034e-02
## Alkalinity -1.327e+00 -1.741e-01 -9.577e-02  2.523e-03 -1.282e-02 -4.746e-01
## Barium     -7.472e-05  3.437e-03 -8.268e-04 -2.875e-04 -3.385e-04 -5.205e-05
## Chromium   -4.049e-05 -7.493e-06 -3.243e-06 -1.896e-05 -5.771e-06 -3.052e-06
## Silicon    -4.566e-01 -3.559e-02  4.796e-02 -7.693e-02  1.823e-02 -2.814e-02
## Strontium  -3.470e-04 -1.740e-04 -6.480e-05  8.044e-06  1.975e-06  3.212e-04
## Vanadium   -1.096e-03 -1.024e-04  1.555e-04 -2.497e-04  1.800e-04 -1.718e-04
## Zinc       -2.331e-04  3.266e-03 -7.369e-04 -1.526e-04 -2.094e-04 -1.141e-04
## 
## 
## Site scores (weighted sums of species scores)
## 
##                                                  RDA1     RDA2       RDA3
## Kalaoa Deepwell                              -0.49596  0.01787  0.2909612
## Holualoa Deepwell                             0.07308 -0.04812 -0.3543650
## Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell -0.50842  0.12162  0.4700467
## Honokohau Deepwell                           -0.50150  0.01606  0.4202245
## Puu Lani                                     -0.31287 -0.11384 -0.1412891
## Puu Waawaa                                   -0.40665 -0.08874  0.0950718
## NELHA Well #3B                                0.18014 -0.03219 -0.0366614
## NELHA Well #3A                                0.17911 -0.03752 -0.0108402
## NELHA Well #3                                 0.18564 -0.03112 -0.0051920
## NELHA Well #9B                                0.18216 -0.02884 -0.0095710
## NELHA Well #9A                                0.18497 -0.03007 -0.0143566
## NELHA Well #9                                 0.18506 -0.02868 -0.0115276
## NELHA A3                                      0.18104 -0.03470  0.0064400
## NELHA A2                                      0.17915 -0.03715  0.0185070
## NELHA Well #12B                               0.18046 -0.03955 -0.0037308
## NELHA Well #12A                               0.18466 -0.03001 -0.0070053
## NELHA Well #12                                0.18517 -0.03304  0.0031521
## NELHA A1                                      0.17711 -0.04226  0.0528479
## Kohanaiki #1                                  0.18333 -0.04356  0.0948869
## Kohanaiki #5                                  0.17776 -0.03733 -0.0103375
## Kohanaiki #4                                  0.18081 -0.03505 -0.0290633
## Kohanaiki #2                                  0.18035 -0.03789  0.0152884
## Kohanaiki #7                                  0.18035 -0.03373 -0.0145949
## Kohanaiki #3                                  0.18330 -0.04325  0.0945717
## Kohanaiki #6                                  0.18084 -0.03460 -0.0150292
## Kohanaiki A2                                  0.18059 -0.04110  0.0376497
## Kohanaiki A30                                 0.18157 -0.04647  0.0343359
## Kohanaiki A43                                 0.18111 -0.03393  0.0115111
## Kohanaiki A5                                  0.18391 -0.04221  0.0887843
## Kohanaiki A69                                 0.18465 -0.03967  0.0026353
## Kohanaiki A76                                -0.15340  0.93236  4.1028165
## Kohanaiki A172                                0.18369 -0.03131 -0.0197298
## Kohanaiki A121                                0.17999 -0.05075  0.0805206
## Kohanaiki A139                                0.18171 -0.03067  0.0108783
## QLT A30                                       0.18358 -0.03973  0.0857133
## QLT A5                                        0.18418 -0.03294  0.0035050
## QLT A8                                        0.18408 -0.03205  0.0021814
## QLT A36                                       0.18298 -0.02982 -0.0042227
## QLT A4S                                       0.18342 -0.03144 -0.0009242
## QLT A1                                        0.18352 -0.03273 -0.0015000
## QLT A32                                       0.18255 -0.03660  0.0291391
## QLT Maka Eo                                   0.18371 -0.03340  0.0037375
## Parker Ranch Deepwell                        -0.52211  0.18520  0.4353683
## Parker #2 Deepwell                           -0.12432 -0.17906 -0.5679531
## Lalamilo B Deepwell                          -0.21481 -0.16918 -0.5347414
## Lalamilo A Deepwell                          -0.22768 -0.17091 -0.4838907
## Parker #4 Deepwell                           -0.09972 -0.19642 -0.5407916
## Lalamilo C Deepwell                          -0.15434 -0.18686 -0.5352394
## Kahaluu B Deepwell                            0.10279 -0.02991 -0.2416918
## Kahaluu D Deepwell                            0.10017 -0.03323 -0.2451015
## Kahaluu C Deepwell                           -0.14200 -0.10396 -0.3528745
## Kahaluu A Deepwell                            0.03222 -0.04472 -0.3451390
## Palani Ranch Deepwell                        -0.49621  0.03686  0.3804880
## Ocean End Member 28m                          0.18515 -0.02835 -0.0012014
## Ocean End Member 674m                         0.18589 -0.02802 -0.0058600
## Ocean End Member 900m                         0.18538 -0.03301  0.0054220
## Keei B Deepwell                               0.10892 -0.07255 -0.1550213
## Keei D Deepwell                              -0.50210  0.15863  0.7620789
## Halekii Deepwell                             -0.48825  0.10064  0.7438262
## Kahaluu Shaft                                 0.13291  0.02292 -0.2391399
## Keei A Deepwell                               0.13942 -0.03147 -0.1469671
## Kukio R-O Feed                               -0.35373 -0.05536 -0.7633189
## Huehue Ranch 5                               -0.42711  0.02657 -0.1598205
## Huehue Ranch 2                               -0.33091 -0.06510 -0.8038524
## Huehue Ranch 3                               -0.34799  0.02721 -0.6516040
## Fifty-One FT STP                              0.15655 -0.05718 -0.0796060
## Waikoloa Irr 3                                0.12992 -0.08895 -0.1577884
## DW-7                                         -0.42473 -0.07222 -0.0214408
## Waikoloa DW-6                                -0.15016 -0.24395 -0.5431101
## Waikoloa 2                                   -0.16083 -0.21311 -0.5570459
## Waikoloa 3                                   -0.28358 -0.22432 -0.3771679
## Parker 4                                     -0.40721 -0.09029 -0.0827769
## Parker 5                                     -0.41677 -0.09698  0.0900907
## NELHA Well #1                                 0.18109 -0.02805 -0.0235390
## Keopu 2                                      -0.50988  0.22909  0.4262503
## Keopu 1                                       0.15119  0.17048 -0.1709302
## Kahaluu DW1 (96m)                             0.18678 -0.01782 -0.0150704
## Kahaluu DW1 (115m)                            0.18582 -0.01192 -0.0320019
## Parker #3 Deepwell                           -0.31990 -0.13731 -0.3518119
## Waikoloa 1                                   -0.42194 -0.06613 -0.0528854
## Resort Irr 2                                  0.13851 -0.07070 -0.1243979
## Resort 1                                      0.14286 -0.07584 -0.1192101
## Nursery                                       0.15378 -0.06332 -0.0900417
## Keopu Deepwell                               -0.51349  0.13395  0.4593778
## Kohanaiki A46                                 0.18113 -0.01626 -0.0449886
## Kohanaiki A77                                 0.18287 -0.01295 -0.0458182
## Kohanaiki A120                                0.18356 -0.01532 -0.0419653
## Kau (Makalei) Deepwell                       -0.19953 -0.12116 -0.9048734
## Kekaha Kai - Small Pool                       0.17768 -0.03635 -0.0236191
## Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu                    0.18062 -0.02885 -0.0350383
## Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay                          0.13957 -0.08809 -0.1899068
## Huehue Ranch 4                               -0.40675 -0.03755 -0.5894002
## QLT A4N                                      -0.15340  0.93236  4.1028165
## West Hawaii Landfill                          0.15097 -0.06457 -0.1068023
## Kohanaiki A48                                 0.18076 -0.03348 -0.0189002
## Kahaluu DW                                    0.18417  0.03272 -0.0277542
## Mouth ocean                                   0.18286 -0.03307 -0.0068197
## Inside mouth channel                          0.16798 -0.04563 -0.0439085
## Kitchen corner inlet                          0.16270 -0.05326 -0.0716105
## Big Bridge                                    0.16559 -0.04832 -0.0578610
## Back spring                                   0.16018 -0.05394 -0.0705807
## Makani Golf Course                           -0.22013 -0.11976 -0.3162777
## NELHA RODI                                   -0.05137  2.15630 -0.6020266
##                                                   RDA4       RDA5      PC1
## Kalaoa Deepwell                               1.002752  4.391e-01 -0.11864
## Holualoa Deepwell                            -0.633873  9.275e-03  0.14721
## Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell  0.110313 -4.888e-01 -0.02055
## Honokohau Deepwell                            0.631871  1.556e-01 -0.07411
## Puu Lani                                      0.172701  2.322e+00 -0.12387
## Puu Waawaa                                    0.091578  8.190e-01  0.01720
## NELHA Well #3B                                0.007678  8.332e-02  0.14410
## NELHA Well #3A                               -0.042230  1.751e-02  0.14364
## NELHA Well #3                                 0.030912  1.001e-01  0.07103
## NELHA Well #9B                               -0.020394  4.812e-02  0.03673
## NELHA Well #9A                                0.032961  8.232e-02  0.03644
## NELHA Well #9                                 0.024817  7.832e-02  0.03781
## NELHA A3                                     -0.048995 -6.317e-03  0.05412
## NELHA A2                                     -0.089614 -5.861e-02  0.05613
## NELHA Well #12B                              -0.034855 -1.038e-02  0.05954
## NELHA Well #12A                               0.012713  6.233e-02  0.05907
## NELHA Well #12                                0.012917  7.828e-02  0.05535
## NELHA A1                                     -0.140614 -7.561e-02  0.05290
## Kohanaiki #1                                 -0.136326 -3.339e-02  0.06940
## Kohanaiki #5                                 -0.062623 -2.042e-02  0.05922
## Kohanaiki #4                                  0.013022  9.891e-02  0.06473
## Kohanaiki #2                                 -0.063618  5.712e-03  0.06333
## Kohanaiki #7                                 -0.028571  3.651e-02  0.07346
## Kohanaiki #3                                 -0.137824 -3.412e-02  0.06963
## Kohanaiki #6                                 -0.017822  4.231e-02  0.06148
## Kohanaiki A2                                 -0.091666 -2.520e-02  0.06576
## Kohanaiki A30                                -0.058050  2.473e-02  0.05921
## Kohanaiki A43                                -0.059014  2.253e-02  0.05743
## Kohanaiki A5                                 -0.122537 -3.076e-02  0.06084
## Kohanaiki A69                                 0.028420  1.267e-01  0.06185
## Kohanaiki A76                                 0.714287 -4.316e+00 -1.06888
## Kohanaiki A172                                0.033779  1.323e-01  0.05778
## Kohanaiki A121                               -0.126564 -3.933e-02  0.07057
## Kohanaiki A139                               -0.057183  1.673e-02  0.04465
## QLT A30                                      -0.129716 -7.596e-02  0.06723
## QLT A5                                       -0.007020  3.430e-02  0.05774
## QLT A8                                       -0.013211  1.151e-02  0.06142
## QLT A36                                      -0.025160 -2.010e-02  0.06681
## QLT A4S                                      -0.016339  1.612e-02  0.06386
## QLT A1                                       -0.011643  1.913e-02  0.06646
## QLT A32                                      -0.065041 -2.593e-02  0.07071
## QLT Maka Eo                                  -0.018221  2.575e-05  0.05816
## Parker Ranch Deepwell                         0.352683 -1.675e+00  0.34603
## Parker #2 Deepwell                           -0.638992 -3.256e-01  0.02417
## Lalamilo B Deepwell                          -0.547954 -3.701e-01  0.06893
## Lalamilo A Deepwell                          -0.636566 -4.420e-01  0.06077
## Parker #4 Deepwell                           -0.622826 -1.393e-01  0.07969
## Lalamilo C Deepwell                          -0.697487 -2.890e-01  0.03694
## Kahaluu B Deepwell                           -0.632425  2.346e-01  0.14618
## Kahaluu D Deepwell                           -0.647415  2.324e-01  0.15072
## Kahaluu C Deepwell                           -1.383284  4.666e-01  0.05646
## Kahaluu A Deepwell                           -1.035227  4.044e-01  0.20428
## Palani Ranch Deepwell                         0.555339  4.321e-01 -0.03941
## Ocean End Member 28m                          0.004995  4.313e-02  0.04434
## Ocean End Member 674m                         0.022941  6.167e-02  0.04851
## Ocean End Member 900m                         0.012757  7.783e-02  0.05707
## Keei B Deepwell                              -0.681903  1.256e-01  0.16268
## Keei D Deepwell                              -0.649146  6.650e-01 -0.12842
## Halekii Deepwell                             -0.555510  1.321e+00  0.08437
## Kahaluu Shaft                                -0.420772  3.049e-01  0.15040
## Keei A Deepwell                              -0.392911  1.940e-01  0.19551
## Kukio R-O Feed                                1.694992 -4.416e-01 -0.61398
## Huehue Ranch 5                                2.709371  2.595e+00 -0.71454
## Huehue Ranch 2                                1.344861 -1.277e+00 -0.42623
## Huehue Ranch 3                                2.363981  2.375e+00 -0.48505
## Fifty-One FT STP                             -0.151482  3.032e-01  0.11050
## Waikoloa Irr 3                               -0.223587  4.392e-01  0.08465
## DW-7                                          0.137390 -7.646e-01  0.07450
## Waikoloa DW-6                                -0.319709 -1.524e-01  0.03692
## Waikoloa 2                                   -0.424579 -7.539e-02  0.04389
## Waikoloa 3                                   -0.127574 -2.310e-01  0.04969
## Parker 4                                      0.058142 -6.573e-01 -0.10530
## Parker 5                                     -0.296676 -4.601e-01  0.11231
## NELHA Well #1                                -0.012601  6.574e-02  0.05037
## Keopu 2                                      -0.044204 -5.089e-01 -0.42022
## Keopu 1                                      -0.469302  5.476e-01  0.23063
## Kahaluu DW1 (96m)                             0.024542  8.037e-02  0.19873
## Kahaluu DW1 (115m)                            0.023842  7.958e-02  0.05854
## Parker #3 Deepwell                           -0.313461 -5.242e-01 -0.12694
## Waikoloa 1                                    0.131914 -7.285e-01 -0.12822
## Resort Irr 2                                 -0.282262  4.720e-01  0.10538
## Resort 1                                     -0.190441  2.851e-01  0.08870
## Nursery                                      -0.149064  2.118e-01  0.08260
## Keopu Deepwell                                0.237271 -5.558e-01  0.12882
## Kohanaiki A46                                -0.010432  5.625e-02  0.06640
## Kohanaiki A77                                 0.006877  6.669e-02  0.05259
## Kohanaiki A120                                0.027025  1.102e-01  0.04627
## Kau (Makalei) Deepwell                        0.497322 -7.317e-01 -0.30678
## Kekaha Kai - Small Pool                      -0.035475  3.706e-02  0.05688
## Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu                    0.003946  6.354e-02  0.05374
## Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay                          0.027567  1.955e-01  0.01240
## Huehue Ranch 4                                2.016998 -9.739e-01 -0.56735
## QLT A4N                                       0.714287 -4.316e+00 -1.05842
## West Hawaii Landfill                         -0.140361  2.141e-01  0.06880
## Kohanaiki A48                                -0.016344  4.276e-02  0.09357
## Kahaluu DW                                   -0.157012  1.403e-01  0.17034
## Mouth ocean                                  -0.000718  7.090e-02  0.05162
## Inside mouth channel                         -0.104693  3.273e-02  0.06417
## Kitchen corner inlet                         -0.100338  1.115e-01  0.06250
## Big Bridge                                   -0.105553  6.938e-02  0.07143
## Back spring                                  -0.138756  6.293e-02  0.07156
## Makani Golf Course                           -0.027332  2.790e+00 -0.18203
## NELHA RODI                                   -0.246668 -6.155e-02 -0.02962
## 
## 
## Site constraints (linear combinations of constraining variables)
## 
##                                                    RDA1       RDA2     RDA3
## Kalaoa Deepwell                              -0.4350056 -1.593e-02 -0.04721
## Holualoa Deepwell                            -0.0097814 -5.748e-02 -0.09294
## Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell -0.5008407  7.080e-02  0.48321
## Honokohau Deepwell                           -0.4432005  5.560e-02  0.45941
## Puu Lani                                     -0.2235111 -7.661e-02 -0.01510
## Puu Waawaa                                   -0.4169018 -4.015e-02  0.06513
## NELHA Well #3B                                0.0248988 -1.168e-01 -1.04046
## NELHA Well #3A                                0.1026089  5.317e-02  0.13175
## NELHA Well #3                                 0.1560446  2.338e-02  0.18479
## NELHA Well #9B                                0.1736105 -1.969e-03  0.15951
## NELHA Well #9A                                0.1743582 -3.469e-03  0.14526
## NELHA Well #9                                 0.1745852 -2.813e-04  0.15744
## NELHA A3                                      0.1596909  1.745e-03  0.11879
## NELHA A2                                      0.1552773 -3.860e-03  0.08446
## NELHA Well #12B                               0.1526533 -5.168e-03  0.07442
## NELHA Well #12A                               0.1630021  1.565e-02  0.18530
## NELHA Well #12                                0.1695483  2.218e-02  0.23961
## NELHA A1                                      0.1590744  1.347e-03  0.11712
## Kohanaiki #1                                  0.1502242 -1.065e-03  0.07646
## Kohanaiki #5                                  0.1500697 -5.581e-03  0.06080
## Kohanaiki #4                                  0.1447021 -1.016e-02  0.01973
## Kohanaiki #2                                  0.1502791 -3.750e-03  0.07067
## Kohanaiki #7                                  0.1345810 -1.623e-02 -0.05662
## Kohanaiki #3                                  0.1493323 -3.492e-03  0.06841
## Kohanaiki #6                                  0.1453029 -1.678e-02 -0.01238
## Kohanaiki A2                                  0.1381993 -2.784e-02 -0.10396
## Kohanaiki A30                                 0.1567090 -4.375e-04  0.10719
## Kohanaiki A43                                 0.1574689  1.010e-03  0.11343
## Kohanaiki A5                                  0.1579349 -1.581e-03  0.10721
## Kohanaiki A69                                 0.1558805  2.283e-03  0.11060
## Kohanaiki A76                                 0.1646889 -5.553e-03  0.11820
## Kohanaiki A172                                0.1540184 -7.360e-03  0.06446
## Kohanaiki A121                                0.1297549 -3.836e-02 -0.18683
## Kohanaiki A139                                0.1676336 -2.132e-03  0.14077
## QLT A30                                       0.1529099 -1.908e-04  0.09582
## QLT A5                                        0.1609998  6.600e-03  0.14467
## QLT A8                                        0.1567234  3.166e-03  0.11627
## QLT A36                                       0.1538593  9.514e-03  0.13419
## QLT A4S                                       0.1550030  6.239e-03  0.12016
## QLT A1                                        0.1525458  4.729e-03  0.10804
## QLT A32                                       0.1513923  1.014e-02  0.12438
## QLT Maka Eo                                   0.1579774  2.411e-04  0.10728
## Parker Ranch Deepwell                        -0.7722497  1.281e-01  0.28677
## Parker #2 Deepwell                           -0.1125760 -9.814e-02 -0.16189
## Lalamilo B Deepwell                          -0.2395941 -9.913e-02 -0.21146
## Lalamilo A Deepwell                          -0.2538188 -1.298e-01 -0.29698
## Parker #4 Deepwell                           -0.1264542 -8.294e-02 -0.19059
## Lalamilo C Deepwell                          -0.1548900 -1.162e-01 -0.17572
## Kahaluu B Deepwell                            0.0157641 -6.369e-02 -0.06588
## Kahaluu D Deepwell                            0.0066141 -7.668e-02 -0.13294
## Kahaluu C Deepwell                           -0.1608244 -1.376e-01 -0.01521
## Kahaluu A Deepwell                           -0.0868542 -6.967e-02 -0.09640
## Palani Ranch Deepwell                        -0.4849772 -5.352e-03  0.10858
## Ocean End Member 28m                          0.1788239  2.146e-02  0.27461
## Ocean End Member 674m                         0.1748478  2.182e-02  0.24543
## Ocean End Member 900m                         0.1544258 -7.181e-03  0.02114
## Keei B Deepwell                               0.0135883 -3.866e-02 -0.09402
## Keei D Deepwell                              -0.4029584  2.670e-01  0.83801
## Halekii Deepwell                             -0.5625381  1.092e-01  0.39088
## Kahaluu Shaft                                 0.0365131 -4.177e-02 -0.12937
## Keei A Deepwell                               0.0260441  1.799e-02  0.04265
## Kukio R-O Feed                                0.0599502 -9.749e-02 -0.17580
## Huehue Ranch 5                                0.0218102 -3.130e-02 -0.16615
## Huehue Ranch 2                               -0.0239132 -1.154e-02 -0.15193
## Huehue Ranch 3                               -0.0362874  3.598e-02 -0.11326
## Fifty-One FT STP                              0.0860713 -3.119e-02 -0.11647
## Waikoloa Irr 3                                0.0747217 -6.587e-02 -0.16976
## DW-7                                         -0.4946005 -1.310e-01 -0.30489
## Waikoloa DW-6                                -0.1551350 -1.029e-01 -0.31208
## Waikoloa 2                                   -0.1735226 -1.199e-01 -0.32846
## Waikoloa 3                                   -0.2987253 -7.494e-02 -0.25938
## Parker 4                                     -0.3509910 -1.625e-01 -0.30333
## Parker 5                                     -0.5003900 -1.037e-01 -0.29688
## NELHA Well #1                                 0.1585861 -6.993e-03  0.08132
## Keopu 2                                      -0.2369804 -5.893e-03  0.07132
## Keopu 1                                       0.0006762  9.411e-03 -0.17419
## Kahaluu DW1 (96m)                             0.0508036  1.806e-03 -0.13231
## Kahaluu DW1 (115m)                            0.1646735  1.766e-02  0.19952
## Parker #3 Deepwell                           -0.2259727 -1.558e-01 -0.19258
## Waikoloa 1                                   -0.3519703 -1.719e-01 -0.19473
## Resort Irr 2                                  0.0724724 -4.676e-02 -0.14029
## Resort 1                                      0.0881574 -4.332e-02 -0.11651
## Nursery                                       0.1033263 -3.579e-02 -0.09233
## Keopu Deepwell                               -0.6110849  1.237e-01  0.39193
## Kohanaiki A46                                 0.1475659 -7.094e-04  0.07320
## Kohanaiki A77                                 0.1605111 -1.051e-04  0.11850
## Kohanaiki A120                                0.1652238 -2.675e-03  0.12782
## Kau (Makalei) Deepwell                        0.0339569 -7.769e-02 -0.15950
## Kekaha Kai - Small Pool                       0.1505355 -8.023e-03  0.05154
## Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu                    0.1578290  3.628e-05  0.10593
## Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay                          0.1478396 -1.205e-02  0.03490
## Huehue Ranch 4                               -0.0239481 -2.084e-02 -0.18662
## QLT A4N                                       0.1593884  3.090e-03  0.13697
## West Hawaii Landfill                          0.1117113 -3.295e-02 -0.07286
## Kohanaiki A48                                 0.0999366 -5.505e-02 -0.39076
## Kahaluu DW                                    0.0703261  6.951e-03 -0.09133
## Mouth ocean                                   0.1630652  3.195e-03  0.13698
## Inside mouth channel                          0.1336113 -1.866e-02 -0.01848
## Kitchen corner inlet                          0.1302815 -1.764e-02 -0.02126
## Big Bridge                                    0.1258820 -1.859e-02 -0.03238
## Back spring                                   0.1202985 -2.379e-02 -0.04747
## Makani Golf Course                           -0.0829242 -9.111e-02  0.04034
## NELHA RODI                                   -0.0259541  2.152e+00 -0.50531
##                                                    RDA4       RDA5      PC1
## Kalaoa Deepwell                               0.5593512  0.1089600 -0.11864
## Holualoa Deepwell                            -0.0006860  0.3037569  0.14721
## Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell -0.3880254  0.0659740 -0.02055
## Honokohau Deepwell                            0.4328957  0.0178753 -0.07411
## Puu Lani                                     -0.0112827  0.0203349 -0.12387
## Puu Waawaa                                    0.1921705 -0.0783991  0.01720
## NELHA Well #3B                               -0.0722800  0.9671697  0.14410
## NELHA Well #3A                                0.4068540  0.0629325  0.14364
## NELHA Well #3                                 0.1095414 -0.1125560  0.07103
## NELHA Well #9B                               -0.0648648 -0.1520698  0.03673
## NELHA Well #9A                               -0.0705467 -0.1404587  0.03644
## NELHA Well #9                                -0.0557405 -0.1439413  0.03781
## NELHA A3                                     -0.0020489 -0.0828276  0.05412
## NELHA A2                                     -0.0157858 -0.0570744  0.05613
## NELHA Well #12B                              -0.0168758 -0.0585334  0.05954
## NELHA Well #12A                               0.0495252 -0.1422301  0.05907
## NELHA Well #12                                0.0579935 -0.1899449  0.05535
## NELHA A1                                     -0.0036596 -0.0881456  0.05290
## Kohanaiki #1                                  0.0121900 -0.0438558  0.06940
## Kohanaiki #5                                 -0.0083494 -0.0321051  0.05922
## Kohanaiki #4                                 -0.0107870  0.0125527  0.06473
## Kohanaiki #2                                 -0.0006983 -0.0357398  0.06333
## Kohanaiki #7                                 -0.0027332  0.0866765  0.07346
## Kohanaiki #3                                  0.0035394 -0.0309096  0.06963
## Kohanaiki #6                                 -0.0399571  0.0361716  0.06148
## Kohanaiki A2                                 -0.0641869  0.1001524  0.06576
## Kohanaiki A30                                -0.0070863 -0.0842454  0.05921
## Kohanaiki A43                                -0.0014980 -0.0846678  0.05743
## Kohanaiki A5                                 -0.0151670 -0.0808527  0.06084
## Kohanaiki A69                                 0.0093484 -0.0817277  0.06185
## Kohanaiki A76                                -0.0545492 -0.1026861 -1.06888
## Kohanaiki A172                               -0.0291270 -0.0531184  0.05778
## Kohanaiki A121                               -0.0846617  0.1622241  0.07057
## Kohanaiki A139                               -0.0472242 -0.1207753  0.04465
## QLT A30                                       0.0044704 -0.0745466  0.06723
## QLT A5                                        0.0124969 -0.1219688  0.05774
## QLT A8                                        0.0104374 -0.0908557  0.06142
## QLT A36                                       0.0456192 -0.1066295  0.06681
## QLT A4S                                       0.0296722 -0.0928922  0.06386
## QLT A1                                        0.0295266 -0.0807916  0.06646
## QLT A32                                       0.0567531 -0.0956521  0.07071
## QLT Maka Eo                                  -0.0038269 -0.0720651  0.05816
## Parker Ranch Deepwell                         0.5511597 -0.0724056  0.34603
## Parker #2 Deepwell                           -0.1249503 -0.1197868  0.02417
## Lalamilo B Deepwell                           0.0274406 -0.2556756  0.06893
## Lalamilo A Deepwell                          -0.1404805 -0.2368550  0.06077
## Parker #4 Deepwell                            0.0130367 -0.0963965  0.07969
## Lalamilo C Deepwell                          -0.2158743 -0.0646478  0.03694
## Kahaluu B Deepwell                           -0.0878894  0.3575649  0.14618
## Kahaluu D Deepwell                           -0.1327930  0.2567660  0.15072
## Kahaluu C Deepwell                           -0.6653303  0.1627741  0.05646
## Kahaluu A Deepwell                           -0.0008486  0.2718016  0.20428
## Palani Ranch Deepwell                         0.2596517  0.1066523 -0.03941
## Ocean End Member 28m                          0.0261079 -0.2263103  0.04434
## Ocean End Member 674m                         0.0457809 -0.1874972  0.04851
## Ocean End Member 900m                        -0.0139946  0.0007427  0.05707
## Keei B Deepwell                               0.0939369  0.3207887  0.16268
## Keei D Deepwell                              -0.5587929  0.9767712 -0.12842
## Halekii Deepwell                             -0.6704425  0.1981420  0.08437
## Kahaluu Shaft                                 0.0480329  0.2412373  0.15040
## Keei A Deepwell                               0.3847837  0.3327969  0.19551
## Kukio R-O Feed                               -0.3263568  0.1621643 -0.61398
## Huehue Ranch 5                                0.1326812  0.1114296 -0.71454
## Huehue Ranch 2                                0.3262981  0.1601222 -0.42623
## Huehue Ranch 3                                0.6222826  0.2087008 -0.48505
## Fifty-One FT STP                              0.0096362  0.0843379  0.11050
## Waikoloa Irr 3                               -0.1600641  0.0962953  0.08465
## DW-7                                         -0.0460737 -0.5557740  0.07450
## Waikoloa DW-6                                -0.0292165 -0.1842068  0.03692
## Waikoloa 2                                   -0.1163861 -0.2539770  0.04389
## Waikoloa 3                                    0.2989638 -0.3188765  0.04969
## Parker 4                                     -0.3612543 -0.4218920 -0.10530
## Parker 5                                      0.2163589 -0.5329397  0.11231
## NELHA Well #1                                -0.0413315 -0.0747474  0.05037
## Keopu 2                                       0.4931099  0.1809550 -0.42022
## Keopu 1                                       0.4019608  0.0889768  0.23063
## Kahaluu DW1 (96m)                             0.2609947  0.0807640  0.19873
## Kahaluu DW1 (115m)                            0.0531975 -0.1565019  0.05854
## Parker #3 Deepwell                           -0.4656287 -0.2829464 -0.12694
## Waikoloa 1                                   -0.6187674 -0.4566754 -0.12822
## Resort Irr 2                                 -0.0505793  0.0980107  0.10538
## Resort 1                                     -0.0617185  0.1041864  0.08870
## Nursery                                      -0.0501710  0.0968651  0.08260
## Keopu Deepwell                                0.1123714  0.2948910  0.12882
## Kohanaiki A46                                 0.0183001 -0.0520531  0.06640
## Kohanaiki A77                                -0.0149291 -0.0906276  0.05259
## Kohanaiki A120                               -0.0404589 -0.0984758  0.04627
## Kau (Makalei) Deepwell                       -0.1724778  0.0987057 -0.30678
## Kekaha Kai - Small Pool                      -0.0231629 -0.0448983  0.05688
## Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu                   -0.0063531 -0.0846104  0.05374
## Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay                         -0.0334462 -0.0143579  0.01240
## Huehue Ranch 4                                0.2754279  0.1142760 -0.56735
## QLT A4N                                      -0.0013511 -0.1123827 -1.05842
## West Hawaii Landfill                         -0.0518176  0.1018273  0.06880
## Kohanaiki A48                                -0.0628103  0.3464736  0.09357
## Kahaluu DW                                    0.2421620  0.0456173  0.17034
## Mouth ocean                                  -0.0064311 -0.1053966  0.05162
## Inside mouth channel                         -0.0277540  0.0407547  0.06417
## Kitchen corner inlet                         -0.0150942  0.0441677  0.06250
## Big Bridge                                   -0.0087688  0.0570810  0.07143
## Back spring                                  -0.0201296  0.0966667  0.07156
## Makani Golf Course                           -0.2687320  0.1553407 -0.18203
## NELHA RODI                                   -0.1717514 -0.2062474 -0.02962
## 
## 
## Biplot scores for constraining variables
## 
##             RDA1      RDA2    RDA3    RDA4     RDA5 PC1
## Temp     -0.9812 -0.057337 0.13628 -0.1237  0.00723   0
## Conduct   0.3127 -0.933885 0.02511  0.1697 -0.02618   0
## Salinity  0.7195 -0.417172 0.42266  0.1344 -0.33412   0
## DO_sat   -0.9204 -0.008775 0.28006 -0.2142  0.16880   0
## DO_diss  -0.9066  0.003378 0.30700 -0.2037  0.20558   0

Adjusted R2 value:

R2adj <- RsquareAdj(gw.rda)$adj.r.squared

R2adj
## [1] 0.6445282

Plot of RDA results using scaling 3:
Note the red lines are the vectors of the response variables

gwd.sc <- scores(gw.rda, choices = 1:2, scaling = 3, display = "sp")

plot(gw.rda, type="n", scaling=2)
text(gw.rda, display="species", pch=20, cex=0.7, col="green", scaling=3)
points(gw.rda, display="sites", pch=21, cex=1.3, col="gold", scaling=3)
text(gw.rda, display="sites", pch=21, cex=0.5, col="light blue", scaling=3,)
text(gw.rda, scaling=3, display="bp", col="#0868ac", cex=.8)
arrows(0, 0, gwd.sc[,1], gwd.sc[,2], length = 0, lty = 1, col = "#e31a1c")

Takeaway from PCAs & RDA:

PCA (groundwater variables): Alkalinity, zinc, and silicon account for the majority of the variablity since they extend past the circle.
PCA (physical variables): Dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation, salinity, and conductivity account for the majority of the variation since they’re outside the circle.
RDA: Almost 65% of the variability in the groundwater data can be explained by the physical variables. Sodium and chloride are positively correlated with salinity and conductivity, which makes sense. However, calcium and magnesium are negatively correlated to salinity and conductivity. Another interesting association is that alkalinity, silicon and sulfate appear to be associated with temperature and conductivity.

Adjusted hypotheses:
HA01: Calcium is influenced by conductivity.
HA02: Calcium is influenced by salinity.
HA03: Calcium is influenced by dissolved oxygen.
HA04: Calcium is influenced by oxygen saturation.

HA05: Magnesium is influenced by conductivity.
HA06: Magnesium is influenced by salinity.
HA07: Magnesium is influenced by dissolved oxygen.
HA08: Magnesium is influenced by oxygen saturation.

HA09: Silicon is influenced by temperature.
HA10: Silicon is influenced by salinity.
HA11: Silicon is influenced by dissolved oxygen.
HA12: Silicon is influenced by oxygen saturation.

Multiple regression:

RV1 <- read.csv("data/gwd_all_raw.csv", header = TRUE)

EV1 <- read.csv("data/gwd_pred.csv", header = TRUE)
RV1[is.na(RV1)]<-0

EV1[is.na(EV1)]<-0

Join:

library(tidyr)
library(tidyverse)
RV1 %>%
count(Site) %>%
filter(n >1) 
## # A tibble: 0 x 2
## # ... with 2 variables: Site <fct>, n <int>

“Site” is a primary key

EV1 %>%
count(Site) %>%
filter(n >1) 
## # A tibble: 0 x 2
## # ... with 2 variables: Site <fct>, n <int>

“Site” is a primary key

gw.dat <- EV1 %>% left_join(RV1)

write.csv(gw.dat, 'gw_dat.csv')

gw.dat %>%
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling()
Site Temp Conduct Salinity DO_sat DO_diss pH Chloride Sulfate Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium Alkalinity Barium Chromium Silicon Strontium Vanadium Zinc
Kalaoa Deepwell 23.300 304.00 0.1210 84.70 7.300 7.780 9.80 28.530 31.45 5.270 11.400 12.375 93.0 0.00000 0.002600 23.43750 0.025875 0.0875833 0.003225
Holualoa Deepwell 20.550 927.50 0.4300 100.65 8.940 7.850 224.00 36.445 130.00 7.650 24.045 26.000 54.0 0.01055 0.001700 19.29000 0.132625 0.0387000 0.008550
Queen Liliuokalani Trust (Keahuolu) Deepwell 20.900 159.80 0.0750 99.50 8.610 7.930 6.50 10.050 16.70 3.300 6.000 10.130 56.0 0.00360 0.002150 20.22000 0.024300 0.0560000 0.002050
Honokohau Deepwell 21.900 233.90 0.1200 93.55 8.200 7.825 7.80 20.020 25.70 4.165 7.755 10.100 76.0 0.00205 0.000900 23.03250 0.012300 0.0379000 0.003375
Puu Lani 23.550 420.90 0.1950 94.20 7.970 8.145 41.00 48.800 53.60 3.860 10.530 17.390 79.0 0.00090 0.003100 18.93000 0.045850 0.1348667 0.002000
Puu Waawaa 23.650 280.45 0.1250 90.85 7.705 8.150 21.00 25.400 34.50 2.920 7.800 11.410 68.5 0.00000 0.002400 19.85500 0.030000 0.1125333 0.038950
NELHA Well #3B 23.700 46441.00 8.4300 0.00 7.390 7.930 4336.00 620.800 2391.00 85.000 357.580 87.100 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.39250 1.705375 0.0724667 0.001375
NELHA Well #3A 23.540 13983.00 8.2200 0.00 7.200 7.960 4517.00 640.400 2629.20 91.000 366.300 83.700 85.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.50000 1.600000 0.0628000 0.000000
NELHA Well #3 20.900 41362.00 26.1400 0.00 3.660 7.770 14907.00 2139.700 8291.50 285.870 1179.200 226.310 98.5 0.00000 0.000000 9.40625 5.296250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9B 19.210 23788.00 15.0600 116.10 6.860 7.760 8441.30 1218.300 4893.20 161.150 717.880 157.820 92.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.45000 3.089000 0.0534000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9A 17.560 32393.00 20.3600 127.40 6.650 7.710 11537.00 1640.400 6379.00 223.000 939.400 180.270 100.0 0.00000 0.000000 11.00300 4.202500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #9 16.470 36316.00 22.9500 129.30 7.080 7.760 13152.00 1871.000 7328.90 253.370 1071.800 215.470 102.0 0.00000 0.000000 9.40250 4.697500 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A3 21.600 23994.00 14.6900 111.10 8.985 7.785 7459.00 1064.600 4464.10 146.000 632.800 120.200 87.0 0.00630 0.000000 14.92000 2.756500 0.0474000 0.008000
NELHA A2 23.040 19629.50 11.7750 113.20 9.005 7.775 6021.00 843.600 3715.90 120.000 498.000 104.000 85.0 0.00500 0.000000 16.36000 2.173000 0.0653333 0.005500
NELHA Well #12B 23.090 16724.00 9.9900 92.20 6.950 8.010 5555.00 761.800 3207.70 114.000 430.500 92.500 97.0 0.00280 0.002000 19.68625 1.892875 0.0811000 0.000750
NELHA Well #12A 22.130 34761.00 22.1400 36.60 2.980 7.840 12521.00 1779.000 7060.80 247.200 1026.700 198.000 98.0 0.00000 0.000000 13.06000 4.218750 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA Well #12 21.795 41867.00 27.5100 24.35 1.810 7.800 15316.00 2188.000 8671.00 305.200 1193.330 230.090 103.0 0.00000 0.000000 8.66875 5.451250 0.0000000 0.000000
NELHA A1 24.050 24473.00 14.9900 106.30 8.195 7.990 7909.00 1132.200 5183.00 159.000 609.640 141.230 108.0 0.01500 0.000000 14.89500 2.549500 0.0705000 0.003000
Kohanaiki #1 19.900 16252.00 9.6800 79.50 6.700 7.930 5491.00 766.900 3546.00 110.000 352.800 75.400 0.0 0.00570 0.000000 17.28000 1.730000 0.0526000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #5 19.800 14591.00 8.6100 91.60 7.550 7.920 4157.40 589.100 2471.70 88.100 354.300 76.800 83.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.34000 1.597500 0.0562000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #4 20.700 14385.00 8.2500 104.40 8.960 7.870 4426.00 638.000 2440.00 87.000 355.850 81.240 80.5 0.00000 0.000000 17.50500 1.690000 0.0558000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #2 21.050 15408.00 9.1350 99.70 8.430 7.835 5355.00 755.450 3210.50 105.500 399.250 103.000 77.0 0.00250 0.000000 8.45500 0.900000 0.0280000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #7 21.000 15522.00 8.4500 100.55 9.085 7.815 4717.25 673.050 2715.60 94.800 392.345 87.485 76.0 0.00000 0.000000 17.13375 1.716000 0.0719833 0.001500
Kohanaiki #3 20.700 14961.00 8.8500 98.20 8.430 7.950 5299.00 739.700 3422.00 106.000 341.700 73.500 0.0 0.00510 0.000000 17.67000 1.700000 0.0590000 0.000000
Kohanaiki #6 19.500 14772.50 8.3150 114.25 9.505 7.745 5213.50 739.675 2974.05 103.000 423.770 94.635 84.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.81750 1.806000 0.0633000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A2 24.100 21682.00 11.5400 126.00 9.640 7.460 6724.00 929.600 4126.00 133.000 466.290 123.630 84.0 0.00650 0.000000 14.39500 2.501000 0.0407000 0.003500
Kohanaiki A30 25.200 20880.00 12.7200 101.40 7.670 7.720 6490.00 900.400 3855.00 131.000 412.000 107.500 88.5 0.00000 0.000000 14.28000 1.958000 0.0411000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A43 23.850 21527.00 13.1500 101.35 7.915 8.055 7260.00 1032.500 4329.50 141.500 560.650 143.350 88.0 0.03405 0.000000 14.45500 2.523500 0.0233500 0.009750
Kohanaiki A5 24.600 20664.00 12.5800 116.00 8.990 8.050 7149.00 993.300 4572.00 141.000 459.200 101.400 0.0 0.00670 0.000000 14.56000 2.020000 0.0397000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A69 25.100 23339.00 14.2300 92.50 7.260 7.590 7900.00 1130.000 4358.00 152.000 548.000 119.300 84.0 0.02100 0.000000 13.05000 2.459500 0.0286000 0.004500
Kohanaiki A76 27.100 23313.00 14.3400 155.30 11.130 8.260 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A172 28.200 22907.00 13.6200 119.20 8.650 8.230 7533.00 1099.000 4139.00 144.000 594.060 134.500 87.5 0.01050 0.000000 10.76000 3.011500 0.0000000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A121 26.750 22360.00 11.2550 123.10 8.850 7.980 8395.00 1189.900 5447.00 165.000 538.300 116.800 76.0 0.00790 0.000000 12.28000 2.280000 0.0250000 0.000000
Kohanaiki A139 27.350 27118.00 16.9050 162.70 11.550 8.210 9398.00 1340.000 5626.00 182.500 752.550 186.500 94.0 0.05090 0.000000 12.02500 3.205000 0.0169500 0.012000
QLT A30 25.400 19166.00 11.5900 86.60 6.610 7.700 7138.00 975.800 4603.00 142.000 491.300 99.400 0.0 0.00600 0.000000 13.43000 2.340000 0.0262000 0.000000
QLT A5 26.900 30472.50 19.0200 68.85 4.320 7.765 10010.45 1404.100 5739.80 200.150 792.550 156.350 84.0 0.00395 0.000000 10.71950 3.431250 0.0381833 0.011000
QLT A8 25.100 24359.00 14.9200 81.50 6.080 7.225 7981.80 1095.350 4562.00 159.350 624.220 131.570 74.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.18350 2.766750 0.0386000 0.002250
QLT A36 27.150 24843.50 15.3700 42.00 3.075 7.090 7546.25 1032.900 4362.45 153.800 628.100 129.300 80.0 0.01075 0.000000 12.93000 2.633125 0.0449500 0.002250
QLT A4S 25.600 26155.00 16.0500 57.25 4.270 7.055 8029.60 1121.200 4626.35 162.350 654.740 132.360 77.0 0.00315 0.000000 12.19650 2.826750 0.0370000 0.001750
QLT A1 25.650 22926.00 13.9550 64.10 5.025 7.000 7437.65 1027.300 4242.85 149.900 584.435 124.200 79.0 0.00310 0.000000 12.91750 2.575000 0.0215000 0.005000
QLT A32 24.400 23102.00 14.2000 24.15 1.865 6.885 8892.65 1226.700 5368.25 174.550 667.200 147.100 78.0 0.00340 0.000000 12.07850 2.805500 0.0000000 0.000000
QLT Maka Eo 21.450 22039.50 13.3950 109.95 8.965 7.640 7636.80 1044.700 4385.95 151.150 597.820 122.460 76.0 0.00295 0.000000 12.95300 2.528500 0.0464500 0.006750
Parker Ranch Deepwell 23.000 153.40 0.0600 91.00 7.840 7.850 8.00 3.100 12.00 2.700 7.500 10.900 64.0 0.00000 0.000000 22.57000 0.099500 0.0070000 0.020650
Parker #2 Deepwell 26.700 703.00 0.3400 90.40 7.190 7.890 112.00 27.700 76.40 6.310 22.950 16.700 84.0 0.00610 0.004100 24.93500 0.086900 0.0541667 0.003750
Lalamilo B Deepwell 26.200 496.00 0.2300 79.30 6.230 7.830 76.90 22.800 54.50 5.450 19.230 14.860 82.0 0.00430 0.003700 25.17000 0.069550 0.0505667 0.002350
Lalamilo A Deepwell 26.100 460.00 0.2000 82.30 6.430 7.900 73.00 21.300 54.00 5.230 18.400 14.460 82.0 0.00450 0.003450 26.89000 0.070000 0.0460667 0.011650
Parker #4 Deepwell 27.100 738.00 0.3500 84.80 6.740 7.910 124.40 31.600 83.20 6.700 23.000 16.000 84.0 0.00600 0.004050 25.34500 0.085150 0.0537333 0.002250
Lalamilo C Deepwell 26.150 567.85 0.2600 97.00 7.870 7.855 95.60 24.700 64.90 6.220 19.815 15.080 80.0 0.00585 0.003600 26.07000 0.077550 0.0496167 0.002250
Kahaluu B Deepwell 20.300 980.00 0.4560 113.90 10.210 7.950 251.80 42.940 148.15 5.960 23.895 26.245 42.5 0.01015 0.001850 20.22500 0.159725 0.0444167 0.004125
Kahaluu D Deepwell 20.200 940.00 0.4360 98.50 8.540 7.520 242.00 41.800 144.00 6.000 23.800 25.100 42.0 0.01030 0.001700 20.21000 0.153000 0.0468667 0.000000
Kahaluu C Deepwell 20.300 334.50 0.1470 100.10 8.480 7.850 56.40 16.600 38.00 3.050 8.300 13.300 42.0 0.00000 0.002000 20.34000 0.044150 0.0485333 0.006500
Kahaluu A Deepwell 20.600 613.95 0.2740 92.60 8.075 7.920 138.00 27.400 82.00 4.500 14.550 21.450 42.5 0.00000 0.001000 22.27500 0.098750 0.0443000 0.017550
Palani Ranch Deepwell 22.000 228.10 0.0925 89.95 7.760 7.975 8.50 22.150 26.50 4.000 8.600 11.450 76.0 0.00305 0.001075 23.61000 0.025375 0.0735833 0.006025
Ocean End Member 28m 26.250 60926.50 40.9000 111.65 7.170 7.980 19484.00 2749.600 11117.90 386.800 1597.970 314.960 117.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 6.830000 0.0000000 0.018750
Ocean End Member 674m 6.150 61602.50 40.5950 27.45 2.575 7.520 19747.00 2769.600 11035.00 387.000 1582.190 319.140 120.0 0.00000 0.000000 2.18400 6.942000 0.0000000 0.007500
Ocean End Member 900m 5.070 60858.00 35.1900 58.70 4.000 7.420 20055.00 2865.300 11385.00 391.100 1552.900 300.700 123.0 0.00000 0.000000 3.22000 7.356000 0.0000000 0.000000
Keei B Deepwell 19.150 1138.50 0.5350 94.60 8.610 7.425 245.00 39.300 147.00 6.000 23.800 16.500 37.5 0.00000 0.000000 24.51000 0.125000 0.0430000 0.160600
Keei D Deepwell 18.700 132.70 0.0540 115.20 10.400 7.790 4.00 10.500 13.00 1.790 3.800 8.190 38.0 0.00000 0.001400 19.47500 0.016600 0.0520000 0.003650
Halekii Deepwell 21.400 138.50 0.0540 104.50 9.030 7.820 4.60 15.000 17.00 2.100 3.700 8.610 42.0 0.00000 0.001500 21.08000 0.017850 0.0544667 0.007800
Kahaluu Shaft 20.300 1499.00 0.7200 91.30 8.130 7.820 389.00 61.400 206.80 8.000 36.200 40.100 42.0 0.00990 0.001900 20.18000 0.218000 0.0387500 0.001150
Keei A Deepwell 19.600 1638.00 0.8300 100.40 10.030 7.680 401.00 66.000 233.00 9.000 41.700 24.100 37.0 0.00000 0.001200 21.41000 0.204850 0.0450000 0.093400
Kukio R-O Feed 23.000 1397.50 0.6700 114.50 9.465 7.160 188.65 111.100 111.05 11.155 114.690 44.675 382.0 0.00775 0.000950 32.10750 0.099475 0.0869500 0.012775
Huehue Ranch 5 23.700 1803.00 0.8860 67.30 5.620 7.110 84.50 314.400 165.40 9.400 138.400 48.300 486.0 0.00000 0.000000 27.63500 0.061900 0.0747000 0.077750
Huehue Ranch 2 21.900 1335.00 0.6400 60.60 5.370 6.940 200.00 69.000 114.00 11.000 100.000 45.980 358.0 0.01050 0.001000 33.11000 0.111000 0.0950000 0.008200
Huehue Ranch 3 20.300 1536.00 0.7440 37.00 3.890 7.080 171.00 242.000 98.00 9.000 152.800 43.800 365.0 0.00180 0.000000 28.34000 0.070000 0.0750000 0.004750
Fifty-One FT STP 24.150 3420.50 1.7780 76.55 6.240 7.875 1092.00 190.600 640.50 27.500 90.250 38.300 68.5 0.00530 0.001500 24.54500 0.372450 0.1097000 0.005450
Waikoloa Irr 3 24.100 2184.00 1.0910 96.50 7.690 8.030 568.40 116.860 340.60 15.900 59.140 21.600 66.0 0.00530 0.002900 23.87000 0.224900 0.1073333 0.001600
DW-7 26.500 287.70 0.1200 80.50 6.280 7.990 26.40 16.400 33.00 4.000 14.550 10.400 84.0 0.00360 0.003850 25.88000 0.044100 0.0519333 0.002400
Waikoloa DW-6 28.500 726.00 0.3300 77.20 5.790 7.970 128.20 41.000 97.40 8.050 27.200 15.380 111.0 0.00770 0.003700 26.30000 0.089550 0.0597667 0.002100
Waikoloa 2 28.600 660.00 0.3000 78.50 5.820 7.930 116.00 38.000 87.00 7.000 27.100 16.560 103.0 0.00750 0.004050 27.66000 0.088700 0.0627000 0.001850
Waikoloa 3 28.200 512.00 0.2330 72.40 5.580 7.870 68.00 30.600 63.50 6.020 19.060 12.700 103.0 0.00350 0.003350 26.54500 0.064950 0.0635333 0.002700
Parker 4 26.700 350.10 0.1500 87.60 6.820 7.970 30.00 17.470 34.80 4.200 14.500 10.890 84.0 0.00230 0.004000 25.67000 0.046200 0.0527667 0.001600
Parker 5 26.500 303.80 0.1280 75.30 5.870 8.190 28.00 16.600 34.00 4.000 12.900 9.900 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 31.99000 0.048000 0.0550000 0.000000
NELHA Well #1 20.800 18815.00 11.3300 91.65 6.150 7.760 6236.00 909.600 3567.50 124.000 546.700 122.000 86.0 0.00000 0.000000 16.05000 2.495750 0.0490000 0.007250
Keopu 2 21.800 440.00 0.2050 85.00 7.520 8.375 6.00 8.650 13.85 2.875 6.070 11.935 50.0 0.00215 0.001400 18.26250 0.026775 0.0461167 0.050625
Keopu 1 21.300 1980.00 0.9800 17.60 1.530 10.770 609.00 85.000 332.00 18.000 1.200 124.400 39.0 0.01130 0.000000 1.26000 0.327950 0.0000000 0.002500
Kahaluu DW1 (96m) 21.700 3110.00 1.6000 16.70 1.450 8.490 4910.00 640.000 2599.00 89.000 312.500 133.500 46.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kahaluu DW1 (115m) 22.300 38350.00 24.6400 21.60 1.550 8.270 12635.00 1760.000 6901.00 221.000 1063.100 310.500 82.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Parker #3 Deepwell 26.650 433.20 0.2000 96.80 7.660 7.815 49.35 19.320 42.30 4.920 16.305 13.030 83.0 0.00480 0.004150 25.57750 0.054750 0.0534500 0.001575
Waikoloa 1 26.500 312.25 0.1400 96.20 7.610 8.015 27.85 16.400 32.05 4.005 14.400 11.115 84.5 0.00530 0.004250 25.98750 0.043775 0.0542500 0.008475
Resort Irr 2 24.700 2522.00 1.2800 90.50 7.380 7.940 679.00 132.000 398.00 18.000 64.600 28.600 64.0 0.01530 0.004800 34.20000 0.406350 0.1657000 0.009750
Resort 1 23.900 2920.50 1.5050 96.65 8.005 8.040 730.95 136.650 441.50 19.460 73.160 23.850 66.0 0.00385 0.003450 22.46500 0.288700 0.1124000 0.004275
Nursery 23.500 3794.50 1.9950 99.05 8.280 7.905 1001.15 175.350 601.35 25.350 97.060 28.600 68.0 0.00575 0.003200 22.41000 0.374650 0.1036167 0.003400
Keopu Deepwell 21.300 155.45 0.0600 98.00 8.585 7.920 6.10 9.970 16.10 3.530 6.200 10.300 57.0 0.00120 0.002375 19.71250 0.023550 0.0561167 0.007750
Kohanaiki A46 22.850 16091.00 9.5850 66.80 5.290 7.110 4882.50 696.400 2733.15 98.460 442.910 123.825 71.5 0.03450 0.000000 12.79500 1.960500 0.0296667 0.015625
Kohanaiki A77 22.900 22503.00 13.8000 113.10 8.650 7.850 7646.00 1079.000 4212.00 146.000 684.800 195.200 91.0 0.00000 0.000000 14.68000 3.089250 0.0000000 0.023250
Kohanaiki A120 24.200 24153.00 14.9000 158.90 12.160 8.200 8399.00 1217.000 4612.00 156.000 731.800 206.400 90.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
Kau (Makalei) Deepwell 24.300 1389.00 0.6800 100.10 8.195 7.305 238.80 64.650 129.70 13.415 76.030 42.395 245.0 0.01355 0.001575 30.62750 0.099550 0.1015167 0.077550
Kekaha Kai - Small Pool 29.300 21222.00 12.5200 106.40 7.620 7.500 6033.10 880.200 3523.20 127.800 516.850 117.780 128.0 0.00000 0.000000 19.56000 2.364000 0.0726667 0.007000
Kekaha Kai - Kaelehuluhulu 25.700 25651.00 15.6300 98.30 7.130 7.730 7717.10 1109.600 4329.00 159.000 665.200 155.480 132.0 0.02100 0.000000 18.13500 3.043000 0.0735000 0.003000
Kekaha Kai - Kua Bay 24.700 14615.00 8.4900 121.80 9.820 8.040 3813.10 756.900 2330.80 89.400 490.020 70.240 398.0 0.00750 0.003000 22.30000 0.884500 0.0713333 0.008000
Huehue Ranch 4 23.700 1422.00 0.6800 58.70 4.960 6.630 161.40 103.900 112.90 12.430 121.050 41.840 454.0 0.00430 0.000400 35.58500 0.101050 0.0747667 0.050200
QLT A4N 30.200 24100.00 14.9500 114.95 8.550 7.440 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.00000 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.000000
West Hawaii Landfill 22.400 4161.00 2.2100 105.70 9.020 8.020 991.10 176.300 595.70 27.200 98.510 30.100 74.0 0.00610 0.003900 20.80000 0.363800 0.1331333 0.015100
Kohanaiki A48 24.500 18130.00 7.7400 64.00 4.980 7.740 3651.80 514.500 2063.60 77.270 293.920 69.960 62.0 0.00000 0.000000 12.74500 1.215500 0.0610000 0.005500
Kahaluu DW 23.900 4560.00 2.4300 0.00 0.000 8.800 871.50 121.600 487.50 16.900 71.280 47.630 0.0 0.01210 0.000500 8.12000 0.543250 0.0050000 0.004250
Mouth ocean 24.200 29469.50 18.2750 119.65 9.065 7.915 9110.90 1324.750 5222.25 180.705 755.325 146.615 95.5 0.00000 0.002000 11.88125 3.273375 0.0565833 0.019375
Inside mouth channel 22.400 8341.50 4.6550 102.90 8.655 7.670 2049.05 314.000 1240.40 46.670 188.575 47.935 80.5 0.00540 0.003050 19.89200 0.820300 0.1422333 0.003150
Kitchen corner inlet 21.600 7512.50 4.1800 93.35 7.915 7.430 1537.65 246.950 911.20 35.510 142.025 39.280 80.0 0.00560 0.003100 20.93550 0.606600 0.1431333 0.007450
Big Bridge 21.850 6840.00 3.7700 92.70 7.935 7.515 1705.00 266.050 1018.65 39.185 156.980 42.425 77.0 0.00700 0.003900 20.68150 0.667400 0.1474667 0.004950
Back spring 20.800 5211.00 2.8150 104.05 9.155 7.680 1287.55 204.250 778.50 31.570 120.875 35.060 72.5 0.00575 0.003300 20.23750 0.495425 0.1470333 0.002000
Makani Golf Course 22.850 556.00 0.2700 110.80 9.525 8.010 65.60 60.860 65.85 4.245 14.495 20.630 77.0 0.00120 0.003300 19.06750 0.056900 0.1359667 0.022125
NELHA RODI 0.000 0.00 0.0000 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.09 0.000 0.05 0.010 0.100 0.200 0.0 0.00200 0.000000 0.00000 0.000000 0.0000000 0.001900

Model:

plot(gw.dat, col ="forest green")

Calcium <- lm(Calcium ~ Conduct + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, data = gw.dat)
summary(Calcium)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Calcium ~ Conduct + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, 
##     data = gw.dat)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -129.620   -9.369   -4.547    7.992   89.955 
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 46.5400327 10.0021267   4.653 1.03e-05 ***
## Conduct      0.0003891  0.0009886   0.394    0.695    
## Salinity     6.9382642  1.6527152   4.198 5.93e-05 ***
## DO_sat       0.0373202  0.2077271   0.180    0.858    
## DO_diss     -4.0134329  2.9257285  -1.372    0.173    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 28.83 on 98 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.8638, Adjusted R-squared:  0.8583 
## F-statistic: 155.4 on 4 and 98 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
Magnesium <- lm(Magnesium ~ Conduct + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, data = gw.dat)
summary(Magnesium)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Magnesium ~ Conduct + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, 
##     data = gw.dat)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -604.08  -13.27   -0.37   24.79  176.88 
## 
## Coefficients:
##               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 84.2259742 34.6837126   2.428    0.017 *  
## Conduct      0.0008013  0.0034280   0.234    0.816    
## Salinity    38.8240518  5.7310109   6.774 9.35e-10 ***
## DO_sat      -0.1181013  0.7203214  -0.164    0.870    
## DO_diss     -7.7543430 10.1453552  -0.764    0.447    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 99.96 on 98 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9343, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9316 
## F-statistic: 348.2 on 4 and 98 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
Silicon <- lm( Silicon ~ Temp + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, data = gw.dat)
summary(Silicon)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = Silicon ~ Temp + Salinity + DO_sat + DO_diss, data = gw.dat)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -19.1973  -1.7686   0.2056   2.9624  14.2643 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 13.53004    3.58565   3.773 0.000276 ***
## Temp         0.28308    0.14027   2.018 0.046306 *  
## Salinity    -0.57138    0.06862  -8.326 5.08e-13 ***
## DO_sat      -0.01907    0.03611  -0.528 0.598708    
## DO_diss      0.52205    0.51419   1.015 0.312467    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 5.828 on 98 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.5121, Adjusted R-squared:  0.4922 
## F-statistic: 25.72 on 4 and 98 DF,  p-value: 1.389e-14

Output:

library(ggplot2)
library(jtools)
library(ggstance)
library(ggpubr)
library(plotly)
plot_summs(Calcium, scale = TRUE, plot.distributions = TRUE, inner_ci_level = 0.9, colors = "#6600FF")

plot_summs(Magnesium, scale = TRUE, plot.distributions = TRUE, inner_ci_level = 0.9, colors = "#6699CC")

plot_summs(Silicon, scale = TRUE, plot.distributions = TRUE, inner_ci_level = 0.9, colors = "#339900")

cal.reg<-ggscatter(gw.dat, x = "Salinity", y = "Calcium", 
          add = "reg.line", conf.int = TRUE, 
          cor.coef = TRUE, cor.method = "pearson",mainlab = NULL,
          xlab = "Salinity", ylab = "Calcium", color = "#6600FF", pch = 1)
cal.reg

mg.reg<-ggscatter(gw.dat, x = "Salinity", y = "Magnesium", 
          add = "reg.line", conf.int = TRUE, 
          cor.coef = TRUE, cor.method = "pearson",mainlab = NULL,
          xlab = "Salinity", ylab = "Magnesium", color = "#6699CC", pch = 1)
mg.reg

si.reg<-ggscatter(gw.dat, x = "Salinity", y = "Silicon", 
          add = "reg.line", conf.int = TRUE, 
          cor.coef = TRUE, cor.method = "pearson",mainlab = NULL,
          xlab = "Salinity", ylab = "Silicon", color = "#339900", pch = 1)
si.reg

si.reg2<-ggscatter(gw.dat, x = "Temp", y = "Silicon", 
          add = "reg.line", conf.int = TRUE, 
          cor.coef = TRUE, cor.method = "pearson",mainlab = NULL,
          xlab = "Temperature", ylab = "Silicon", color = "#339900", pch = 1)
si.reg2

var_1 <- gw.dat$Temp
var_2 <- gw.dat$Salinity
var_3 <- gw.dat$Silicon

Silicon3D <- plot_ly(gw.dat, 
             x = var_1, 
             y = var_2, 
             z = var_3)%>%
  
add_markers(color = ~Silicon) %>%
  
layout(scene = list(xaxis = list(title = "Temperature"), 
                    yaxis = list(title = "Salinity"), 
                    zaxis = list(title = "Silicon")))

Silicon3D

Results & conclusion:

Initially we sought out to see if any of the physical variables influenced the groundwater variables. With the PCA and RDA, we could see that there was potential that this was the case. With the PCAs would could see that salinity and conductivity account for the most variablity amongst the physical variables. With the RDA we saw how some of the individual groundwater variables might be influenced by particular physical variables. The first two axes explain most of the variation (RDA1 = 0.611, RDA2 = 0.037), so plotting those two is appropriate. 64.45% of the variation in groundwater variables can be explained by the model. The RDA highlighted that calcium, magnesium, and silicon might be influenced by salinity, conductivity, temperature and the two oxygen variables. We created new hypotheses to investigate these parameters.
Calcium was found to be positively influenced by salinity (p <0.01), but not by conductivity (p = 0.695), dissolved oxygen (p = 0.858) or oxygen saturation (p = 0.173). 85.83% of the variation in calcium was explained by the model. Magnesium was also found to be positively influenced by salinity (p <0.01), but not by conductivity (p = 0.816), dissolved oxygen (p = 0.870), or oxygen saturation (p = 0.447). 93.16% of the variation in magnesium was explained by the model. Silicon was negatively influenced by salinity (p < 0.01) and also positively influenced by temperature (p = 0.046). 49.22% of the variation in calcium was explained by the model.
Salinity appears to be a significant influencer of groundwater variables. We can see that as salinity increases, so does calcium and magnesium. Li and Jun (2019) talk about the importance of salinity to the nucleation of calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is incredibly vital to marine life, particularly coral reefs and other invertebrates. The incorporation of magnesium and calcium in foraminifera can be used as an indicator of sea surface temperatures, because as salinity and temperatures increase, so does the incorporation of those elements (Dissard et al. 2010). Interestingly, silicon decreases as salinity increases. Temperature, though, appears to have a slight positive influence on silicon. In the 3D model of silicon by salinity and temperature, it shows how as salinity decreases and temperature increase, silicon will increase. Silicon is crucial for diatoms, which are a large part of marine primary productivity and carbon fixation (Kristiansen & Hoell 2002). Knowing how salinity and temperature change around coastal areas is important information in regards to marine production. That can translate to how fisheries and other ecosystems are subsisting. It also would be interesting to see how temperature influences other groundwater variables. Rising sea surface temperatures have had negative consequences on other marine parameters, knowing how it effects these particular variables would be helpful in monitoring climate change.

Literature cited:

Dissard D, Nehrke G, Reichard GJ, Bijma J. 2010.The impact of salinity on the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratio in the benthic foraminifera Ammonia tepida: Results from culture experiments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74(3):928-940

Kristiansen S, Hoell EE. 2002. The importance of silicon for marine production. Sustainable Increase of Marine Harvesting: Fundamental Mechanisms and New Concepts DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-3190-4_3

Qingyun Li, Young-Shin Jun. 2019. Salinity-induced reduction of interfacial energies and kinetic factors during calcium carbonate nucleation on quartz. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123(23): DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00378